Azerbaijan Medical Journal
(ISSN: 0005-2523)Azerbaijan medical journal (ISSN: 0005-2523) - is a scopus indexed journal since 1961. The publisher of the journal is Izdatel'stvo Elm by WHO Office in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan medical journal (AMJ) is also UGC approved. The journal publishes general medicine, health science, psychological, pharmaceutical journals and so on.
Aim and Scope
Azerbaijan Medical Journal
Azerbaijan Medical Journal (ISSN: 0005-2523) - is a peer-reviewed journal. The journal seeks to publish original research articles that are hypothetical and theoretical in its nature and that provide exploratory insights in the following fields but not limited to.
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Azerbaijan Medical Journal
EFFECT OF ARGEMONE MEXICANA Linn LEAVES EXTRACT ON DMBA-INDUCED MAMMARY TUMORS IN WISTER RATS.
Abstract: Breast cancer is a major threat worldwide, despite various therapeutic measures, it remains associated with high mortality rate. Argemone mexicana, traditionally used in several conditions, experimentally, plant extract showed anti-microbial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-cancer properties. However, there is lack of reports regarding its anticancer activity in-vivo. This study is aimed at investigating the anticancer properties of Argemone mexicana leaves (AML) extract on DMBA-induced mammary tumors. Female rats, 7-8 weeks old (100 ± 20 g) were used for the study and tumors were induced by DMBA (25 mg/kg/b.w/S.C). After the development of palpable nodule (10-12 weeks), the rats were treated with AML methanolic extract (200, 400 mg/kg b.w) and tamoxifen(TAM) at 10 mg/kg/b.w (standard drug) orally for 12 weeks. At the end of experiment, tumours were excised, measured weight and volume, then used for biochemical and histopathological studies. As a results, AML treatment showed significantly reduced mammary tumor weight and volume (P < 0.01), along with significant reduction (P < 0.0001) in tumour marker(CEA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Significant (P < 0.0001) improvement in SOD, CAT, GSH levels were also observed after the treatment with AML extract. These effects contributed to the decrease the density of cancer cells in breast tumors, and the invasion of these cells into the tumor connective tissue. In conclusion, the extract of AML, contains anti-oxidants and anti-proliferative effects, it can be used as a therapeutic medicine against breast cancer.
AN ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENCES IN THE SUPERFICIAL PALMAR ARCH AND THEIR CLINICAL AND ANATOMICAL IMPORTANCE USING CADAVERS.
Abstract: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death among adults in developed countries. It is noted that with age the fat deposits in the wall of the coronary arteries as well as the other blood vessels supplying the heart. As a result of this deposition, there is a decrease in the blood supply to the heart causing angina and shortness of breath and may also result in a fatal myocardial infarction. There are several modifiable risk factors for CHD and one of them being the increased level of the amino acid i.e homocysteine (HCY) which when treated can reduce the risk of CHD. The positive correlation between hyper homocysteinemia and cardio vascular disease (CVD) has established firmly with the data derived from experimental and epidemiological observations. Clinical data authenticate that HCY is an independent risk factor for CVD. The current article is aiming to evaluate potential role of HCY on CVD risk at molecular level, and deep insights into a pathophysiology of CVD and their associations with CVD.
“THE HOMOCYSTEINE IS A RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE”
Abstract: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death among adults in developed countries. It is noted that with age the fat deposits in the wall of the coronary arteries as well as the other blood vessels supplying the heart. As a result of this deposition, there is a decrease in the blood supply to the heart causing angina and shortness of breath and may also result in a fatal myocardial infarction. There are several modifiable risk factors for CHD and one of them being the increased level of the amino acid i.e homocysteine (HCY) which when treated can reduce the risk of CHD. The positive correlation between hyper homocysteinemia and cardio vascular disease (CVD) has established firmly with the data derived from experimental and epidemiological observations. Clinical data authenticate that HCY is an independent risk factor for CVD. The current article is aiming to evaluate potential role of HCY on CVD risk at molecular level, and deep insights into a pathophysiology of CVD and their associations with CVD.
‘’AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION PREVENTION PRACTICES BY SURGICAL STAFF AMONG THE PRIVATE SECTOR TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS OF PESHAWAR’’.
Abstract: Objective: To observe intraoperative practices adopted by the Surgical Staff regarding Surgical Site Infection Prevention as per WHO guidelines in Private Sector Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar. Methodology: This was an observational study which included surgical staff of Peshawar, conducted from May 2022 to July 2022. Participants were selected by purposive serial technique and their surgical infection prevention control practices were observed by investigators in operation theatre. The data was analysed using SPSS version-25. The categorical variables like frequency and percentages were calculated. Results: Surgical staff members were assessed for their compliance to WHO guidelines regarding surgical site infection prevention control. The frequency of guidelines practiced/adopted by participants was not satisfactory. Conclusion: According to observational analysis of our study, the surgical site infection prevention practices adopted by the surgical staff of private sector tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar were not according to the WHO guidelines. As health care professionals they should not only primarily know about the updated guidelines issued by WHO, but also effective workshops should have to be carried out to acknowledge them about the national recommendations regarding surgical site infection prevention control. The national economic burden of nosocomial infections resulting after surgeries should also be highlighted accordingly
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF METABOLITES IN SERUM AND VENOUS WALL OF VARICOSE VEIN PATIENTS WITH NON VARICOSE VEIN PATIENTS USING HR MAS NMR SPECTROSCOPY.
Abstract: Introduction:.Various diagnostic modalities for varicose vein are Doppler USG. Pethysmography, venography. By HR MAS NMR spectroscopy metabolic environment of varicose veins can be studied and findings can be utilised in identification of new markers in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment..This research work is to study the metabolic environment of varicose veins by HR MAS NMR Spectroscopy and identification of a diagnostic marker and pathway of disease pathogenesis. Methods: Serum (n=37) and vein tissue (n=30) taken from varicose vein patient and analysed with HR MAS NMR Spectroscopy and compare with serum (n=79) and vein tissue (n=14) of non-varicose patient. Results: Higher concentrations of lipoproteins found in serum and of metabolites of lipids and proteins (glutamate, alanine, creatine and myoinositol) in venous wall samples of varicose vein patients as compared to non varicose patients. Conclusion: Higher concentrations of lipoproteins in serum may be suggestive of role of lipoproteins in diagnosis and of lipid lowering agents in treatment of varicose vein. Higher concentrations of metabolites of lipids and proteins in vein tissue indicates an ongoing inflammatory process thus anti-inflammatory drugs may have a role in treatment of disease.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DERMATOGLYPHIC PATTERN AMONG WOMEN WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM IN RELATION TO POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
Abstract: Dermatoglyphics is as old as the history of man. It is the study of patterns of dermal ridges in the palmar aspect of hands and digits and plantar aspect of foot and toes. Individual characteristic patterns of epidermal ridge are formed during the 3rd or 4th month of fetal life. Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) is a condition in which thyroid gland doesn't produce enough of certain crucial hormones. Hypothyroidism may not cause noticeable symptoms in the early stages. Over time, untreated hypothyroidism can cause a number of health problems, such as obesity, joint pain, infertility and heart disease. Polycystic ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of women in reproductive age group. [8] It is a heterogeneous group of disorder with Hyperandrogenism (Ovarian), Hyperinsulinemia & chronic anovulation. Materials and Methods A total of 300 subjects will be used for the study. Out of total number of 300 subjects, out of these 150 was normal subjects and 150 was hypothyroidism with PCOS. Fingertip patterns of both right and left hands will be noted for the presence of following qualitative characteristics. The ridge patterns of the fingertips are of three types: 1. Arches, 2. Loops, 3. Whorls. Arches: It is the simplest pattern formed by more or less parallel ridges which traverse the pattern area and form a curve that is concave proximally. The curve is gentle sometimes at other times it swings more sharply. A series of ridges enter the pattern area on one side of the digit, recurve abruptly and leave the pattern area on the same side. Ulnar loop (UL) is composed of ridges that open on the ulnar side. Radial loop (RL) is composed of ridges that open on the radial side. Occasionally, transitional loops (TRL – Transitional radial loop) (TUL – Transitional ulnar loop) can be found which resemble whorls or complex patterns. Results In this study the mean age group of PCOS is 29.65 years and in control group 30.15 years. In Case Group (hypothyroidism with PCOS) mean of Right-hand Whorls patterns (2.27 with SD 1.55) was noticed and in controls was whorl patterns 2.40 with SD 1.51 was noticed. Mean Left-hand Whorls among Case was 2.20 with SD 1.56 and in control group Left-hand Whorls was 2.50 with SD 1.84. Mean Right-hand Arches among Case was 0.17 with SD 0.38 and in control group Right-hand Arches was 0.60 with SD 0.70. Mean Left-hand Arches among Case was 0.20 with SD 0.55 and in control group Left-hand Arches was 0.50 with SD 0.85. Mean Right-hand Loops among Case was 2.57 with SD 1.48 and in control group Right-hand Loops was 2.10 with SD 1.52. Mean left-hand Loops among Case was 2.63 with SD 1.54 and in control group left-hand Loops was 2.10 with SD 1.37. Conclusion: Present study shows that there is definite co-relation between dermatoglyphics and PCOS. Whorl pattern in finger tip patterns of both the hands is absent as well as Tibial loop in area V of ball region of left foot is absent in PCOS. Since dermatoglyphics is a cost effective, less time consuming and easier method for screening which can be used anywhere without stationary lab equipment’s, it may be of great help in screening the population for PCOS.
COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF CLONIDINE AND TRAMADOL FOR THE CONTROL OF SHIVERING UNDER SPINAL ANESTHESIA
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Shivering is a common side effect of spinal anaesthesia. We evaluated the effectiveness of intravenous clonidine and tramadol for treating shivering during spinal anaesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized, clinical controlled trial was carried out on 60 ASA grade I and II patients of either gender, aged 18-40 years, who were scheduled for elective lower abdomen and lower limb procedures under spinal anaesthesia. Patients with post-spinal intraoperative shivering of grade 3 or 4 lasting for at least 2 minutes were included in the study and randomly assigned to one of two groups, group C (n=30) received Inj. clonidine 50μg/kg i.v., and group T (n=30) received Inj. tramadol 0.5mg/kg i.v. when shivering was observed. Shivering control time, response rate, recurrence rate, and side effects were all measured. RESULTS: The average time taken for shivering to disappear in the clonidine group was 3.04 ± 0.72 minutes compared to 5.21 ± 0.95 minutes in the tramadol group. Tramadol patients had a higher rate of incomplete response and recurrence. Group C exhibited a larger rate of drop in heart rate and blood pressure, as well as higher sedation levels. The nausea and vomiting rates were greater in Group T. CONCLUSION: In patients receving spinal anaesthetia for surgery, clonidine was found to be more safe and effective than tramadol in reducing shivering.
PREVALENCE OF MDR ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM ALL CLINICAL SPECIMENS
Abstract: Introduction: Today’s, multi-drug resistance (MDR) among clinical isolates of bacteria such as E. coli pathotypes, is major healthcare problem and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, worldwide. A rise in bacterial resistance to antibiotics complicates treatment of infections is major concern. Methodology: This study was conducted in department of Microbiology at RKDF Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, SRK University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. This study included 785 cases. Among all 140 were Escherichia coli .Out of 140 Escherichia coli 122 were MDR Escherichia coli and rest were normal. The duration of study was over a period of two years. Result: The result of this study revealed that 87.2% MDR Escherichia coli found and rest were non MDR Escherichia coli. Conclusion: This study concludes that ineffectiveness of antibiotic against the bacterial strain as in resistant pattern was observed, resulting in MDR. This is due to inappropriate antibacterial treatment & misuse of antibiotic.
VACCINATION STRATAGEMS TO COMBAT CORONA VIRUS
Abstract: Pandemic caused due to Corona virus in last two years has created lot of havoc and casualties. The evolutionary pathway for corona virus is mutating with recombination, convergence and adaptation. Most research papers reported that the poly basic protein cleavage site and mutation of genetics of the spike proteins are the main culprits behind the adaptation of beta coronavirus group of SARS-COV-2 to humans. Vaccines have tremendous potential to fight against viral diseases as they have dominances in safety, efficiency. In last three years we have witnessed the experiments and trials and development of different kinds of vaccines to combat against SARCov-2. Based on the different researches conducted in different countries suitable vaccines are produced coupled with immunologic adjuvant and various delivery strategies. This current review concludes, with all conceivable knowledge about structure of corona virus, target protein for vaccine development and availability of vaccines and new ongoing clinical trials for children’s vaccines. The challenge to prevent unvaccinated group of children from corona virus and its consequences is critical.
CLINICAL COMPARATIVE OF SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF MACROLIDES AND ORAL CEPHALOSPORIN IN TREATMENT OF DIFFERENT INFECTIONS
Abstract: Most bacterial infections can be successfully treated with antibiotics, although this must be balanced against potential side effects and worries about the emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, which would diminish their efficacy. Bacterial infections can be dangerous and very contagious. to clarify the efficacy and safety of macrolides against different bacterial infection in contrast with oral cephalosporin.the study start from April 2021 to October 2022 in Almuthanna/ Iraq,The trial was continued with 500 patients: (i) patients whom taking macrolide A group (n=250), and (ii) whom taking cephalosporin B group (n=250). Both received the full pharmaceutical care then collect data and evaluate it after taking treatment by 5,10 and more than 10 days, the Patients medications adherence and antibiotics resistance were valuated. the results revealed that the efficacy of both groups was very close in similarity and only (5.2% of patients taking macrolide vers 4.4% taking cephalosporin)not improved due to low patient medication adherence or antibiotics resistant, also A group had more side effect in contrast with B group.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN HEALTHY CONTROLS AND PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Abstract: Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects about 5-10% of the global population. As there is decline in renal function, alterations can be observed in acid base balance, fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and decrease in clearance of metabolic wastes like urea, creatinine and uric acid; all of which results in unwanted health complications. Aim: To estimate serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and chloride) in patients with CKD and to compare that with the healthy controls. Methods: This study was conducted with inclusion of 50 CKD patients and 50 age and sex matched healthy control group. Biochemical investigations such as serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, calcium, phosphorous, chloride, sodium and potassium were carried out. The findings were recorded and results were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the common etiologies of CKD while general weakness, pallor, pedal edema and anorexia were the commonest clinical signs presented. Serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and phosphorous were significantly increased while the levels of calcium, sodium, chloride and potassium were not altered significantly. The levels of significantly altered biochemical parameters showed progressive and significant increase as the renal impairment progressed. Conclusion: CKD is associated with altered blood levels of several biochemical parameters. Hence routine analysis of these parameters aids in the management of CKD patients.
EFFECT OF REPEATED BONDING ON THE SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF SMARTBOND CYANOACRYLATE ORTHODONTIC ADHESIVE
Abstract: Background and Aim: For many years, cyanoacrylate adhesive substance has been rendered as the superglue material in the domains of dentistry and medicine. Due to its moisture insensitivity, the adhesive substance can be used as an orthodontic bonding agent in circumstances where isolation is problematic. The present investigation assessed the repeated bonding effect on the shear bond strength (SBS) of smart bond cyanoacrylate orthodontic adhesive. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 30 test specimens of orthodontic adhesive in the Orthodontics and Dento-facial Orthopedics Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan. Inclusion criteria of the study were the presence of an intact labial enamel surface and those specimens which were appropriately kept following tooth extraction. Extractions were made of the permanent mandibular premolars and the Smart bond was used for repeated bonding (2-repetitions) of each specimen. The SBS of each specimen was calculated using universal testing machine (UTM).
TO EVALUATE AWARENESS OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Abstract: Background: Osteoporosis is a disease of the skeleton, characterized by a decrease in bone density mass. Osteoporosis is a serious condition in health care because of potentially severe consequences for both the patient and the health care system. More severe complications include fractures— particularly of the spine, wrist, hip, pelvis, and upper arm—after minimal bone trauma, and even mortality. Menopause is a natural physiological phenomenon resulting from primary ovarian failure secondary to apoptosis or programmed cell death. Ovarian function declines with age. Besides these, osteoporosis is the most prevalent disease in menopausal women, and is strongly associated with low quality of life and we concentrate on postmenopausal osteoporosis in this study. Material and methods: This is a prospective study conducted in the Department of OBGY and Orthopaedics, at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital over a period of 6 months. Seventy postmenopausal women were included into this study. We detected the age of menopause, the consciousness of osteoporosis, dual x-ray absorptiometry reports, habits of regular walking, drinking of milk, used to calcium and vitamin D supplementation or any antiosteoporotic medicine. Statistical analysis was made by SPSS-20 and data were expressed as mean, standard deviation, minimum- maximum and percent (%). Result: A total of 70 postmenopausal women were included in the survey; maximum number of postmenopausal women belongs to 45–54 years 51.42% followed by 55–64 years 30% and least were >65 years 18.57%. The most common self-reported comorbidities were hypertension 32% followed by Type 2 diabetes 24.28%, Obesity 15.71%, respiratory disease 12.85%, thyroid disease 10% and Rheumatoid arthritis 4.28%. In our study, Perceived cause of most recent facture are clumsiness 38.57% followed by Imbalance caused by a medical condition 25.71%, Poor bone health 18.57%, Loss of physical mobility 7.14%, Another illness of mine 5.71% and Lack of muscle 4.28% Conclusion: Based on the present study, we can conclude that there is a lack of awareness in postmenopausal women regarding osteoporosis in India's region. This subset of women is unaware of the condition that can lead to fragility fracture if not addressed in time. The study emphasizes that health care professionals should conduct frequent awareness programs in the community to prevent this silent disease, and morbidities that arise from osteoporosis can be minimized.
CADAVERIC STUDY OF MORPHOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRY OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT OF HUMAN KNEE JOINT
Abstract: Background: The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) damage, the necessity of anatomy in surgical repair, and the propensity for the torn ACL to predispose to osteoarthritis all demand a thorough study of its architecture. Aim: To study the morphology and morphometry of Anterior cruciate ligament Methods & Materials: The present study was used 150 anterior cruciate ligaments from 75 human embalmed cadavers of lower limbs obtained from the anatomy departments of Dr. D. Y Patil Medical College in Pune and DVVPF's Medical College and Hospital in Ahmednagar. After remove the skin, fascia and muscles were removed by making a longitudinal incision on each side of the knee joint capsule, identified the Anterior Cruciate ligament Measurements were taken using a digital Vernier Caliper and Statistical analysis was done by descriptive statistics as mean, SD, percentage. Results: Morphological variations of ACL bundles were noted macroscopically. Mean length width and thickness of ACL on the right side was noted as 31.54±2.46, 12.59±2.95, 4.95±1.02 and on the left side it was observed as 30.12 ± 4.4, 12.33±1.18,4.72±0.82mm respectively. Conclusion: The morphological and the morphometric data provided in the present study may be utilized by surgeons to use more anatomically aligned ACL transplants.
THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF MYENTERIC PLEXUS IN THE SIGMOID COLON OF THE LARGE INTESTINE OF THE HUMAN ABORTED FOETUS – A DESCRIPTIVE QUANTITATIVE STUDY.
Abstract: Background: The large intestine is a derivative of the midgut and the hindgut. It is extending from the caecum to the anal canal. The quantitative values of biopsy segments of a particular part of the colon especially the rectum was published but the normal morphometric values of sigmoid colon studies were minimal. Aim: The present study was designed to determine the quantitative analysis of the myenteric plexus of the sigmoid segment of the large intestine. Materials and Methods: A Descriptive study was carried out at Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry from the year 2014 to 2022 and the aborted human foetuses samples were collected from Rajiv Gandhi Govt. Women and Children Hospital, Pondicherry, and from Obstetrics and Gynaecology department, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry. The total sample size was 50 human aborted foetuses. The age of aborted human foetuses was confined to Biparietal diameter, Crown-rump length and correlated with clinical history The aborted human fetuses were assigned into two groups. Group A was from 13 weeks of gestation to 20 weeks of gestation. Group B was from above 20 weeks of gestation to 36 weeks of gestation. The NADPH diaphorase histochemistry, an enzyme histochemistry technique was used to study the tissue preparations. A para median incision over the abdomen was given and exposed the entire large intestine. The entire large intestine was divided into seven segments i.e. A1- caecum, A2- ascending colon, A3- transverse colon, A4 – descending colon, A5- sigmoid colon, A6- rectum and A7 -anal canal. The aborted human foetuses were assigned into two groups (group A (n = 29), ≤ 20 Weeks of Gestation and group B (n= 21) ≥ 20 Weeks of Gestation. Statistical analysis: The images were captured by using camera attached binocular microscope and the images were analyzed for various parameters of the myenteric plexus of the sigmoid colon by using Image J software. The data were expressed as mean± standard deviation (SD). The independent sample t-test was done for parametric analysis. The SPSS software package version 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The foetuses were assigned into two groups. Group A (n = 29), ≤ 20 WG and Group B (n= 21) ≥ 20 WG. The present study reported that the number of nerve cells in a ganglion and the area occupied by nerve cells was increased in group A than the group B. Conclusion: The total area, perimeter, diameter, muscular area, inter ganglion distance, neurons per ganglion, myenteric fraction and numerical density were compared between the two groups. The normal measurements of the myenteric plexus of the sigmoid colon will be suggestive for denoting the pathological stage of the sigmoid colon in motility disorders.
STUDY OF SHAPE AND POSITION OF MANDIBULAR FORAMEN IN CENTRAL INDIAN DRIED MANDIBLES
Abstract: Introduction: Mandibular foramen is an opening on the medial surface of the ramus of mandible, through this inferior alveolar nerve and vessels passes. Aim: To determine morphology and morphometry of mandibular foramen of Central Indian population. Material & Methods: 100 mandibles 53 male and 47 female dry dentulus, without deformities were examined for position, shape of mandibular foramen. Results: The vertical distance between MDF and mandibular notch was 20.06 mm and 20.55 mm on left and right sides in male, 19.45 mm and 19.81 mm on left and right sides in female. The horizontal distance between the MDF and anterior border of ramus was 16.80 mm and 17.10 mm on left and right sides in male, 15.74 mm, and 15.91 mm on left and right sides in females. Distance between MDF and posterior border was 13.56 mm and 13.15 mm on left and right sides in male and 11.82 mm and 11.43 mm on left and right sides in females. Distance between MDF and third molar tooth 23.08 mm and 23.34 mm on left and right side in male and 22.51 mm and 22.38 mm on left and right side in females. The distance between MDF and mandibular base 25.93 mm and 25.78 mm on left and right side in males and 23.11 mm and 23.02 mm on left and right side in females. Conclusion: Most common shape of the mandibular foramen is observed ‘round’ and the most common position of the mandibular foramen on medial side of the ramus of the mandible is upper and posterior quadrant and observed 15% male and12% females have accessory mandibular foramen. which will help for effective management, better clinicalresults, and prognosis. Comparison from other studies shows that geographical, genetic, and dietary variations does exist and hence knowing its position in native population is essential as it plays a crucial role in success of “pain-less” and “patient friendly” surgical procedures.
THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF PUNICA GRANATUM EXTRACTED ON SOME ANTIOXIDANTS AND LIPID PROFILE IN FEMALE RATS INDUCED BY HYPOTHYROIDISM
Abstract: The present study has been designed to investigate wheather punica granatum has its own antioxidant activity and/or it act through induction of the hypothyroidism. The study has been conducted on adult male rats at the department of physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qadisiya University during the period extended from June, 2022 to December, 2022. Fourty mature female Wistar rats (aged 90 days and weighted 150±10 g) were used in the five experimental periods of the present study. Have been randomly divided randomly into four equal groups, Control group: will give 1ml of distal water daily for 30 days. The first treated group (T1): will give propylthiouracil(PTU) (Singh etal., 2020) daily at dose 8 mg/kg of body weight orally for 30 days. The second treated group (T2): will give polyphenols of punica granatum peel extract (Parmar&Kar,2008) orally at dose 200 mg/kg daily for 30 days. The third treated group (T3): will give (PTU 8mg/kg) and polyphenols of Punica granatum peel extract (200mg/kg) orally for 30 days. The end of each treated and control period, males were anaesthesized (by injection of 0.3ml ketamine + 0.1 ml of xylazine/ kg b.w. ip), dissected and blood samples were obtained from abdominal vein in non-heparinized tubes. Blood serum samples were separated for assessment of GSH, CAT, MDA, cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL and LDL concentrations. The results of the current study showed that there is an effect of PTU and pomegranate extract on Oxidative-Antioxidants and lipid profile.
CLINICAL APPROACH AND TREATMENT OUTCOME OF MDR TUBERCULOSIS PATIENT IN LUCKNOW AT TUBERCULOSIS UNIT OF TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Abstract: Tuberculosis is one of the major and serious health hazards in the current scenario to the world and in India also. As India is a developing nation so it is also facing major health problem due to tuberculosis and due to unavailability of good medical facilities in remoting areas of country becomes one of the major reasons for this infection to be spread all over [12]. Country report that the death rate due to the tuberculosis is 23% [7] which is a big number. So, becomes very important to conduct a deep study on tuberculosis and find out the root cause for the spread of this infection. India along with world health organization taking various steps to control this disease and running various health program such as Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) and Standard Treatment Regimen (STR) [9]. In the present research work samples of fourty patients were collected and analyzed by following Sputum Microcopy and these data was categorized and analyzed and on the basis of them conclusions were made. The aim of the present research work is to collect the tuberculosis patient data of the Lucknow region and analyze them from all points of view and provide a detailed report on it. Which will also help other researchers to conduct their research work.
EFFECT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM ON THYROID RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS IN HYPOTHALAMIC AND PITUITARY TISSUES IN PREPUBERTAL AND PUBERTAL MALE RATS
Abstract: The present study has been designed to investigate hyperthyroidism on thyroid receptor gene expression levels in hypothalamic and pituitary tissues in prepubertal and pubertal male rats. The present study has been conducted in the animal house of the college of veterinary medicine, AL-Qadisiya University during the period extended from Feb-July,2022. Thirty-two premature (aged 40 days) and thirty-two mature (aged 70 days) male rats. Divided to 4 groups each 16 rats 2 subgroups 10 and 20 days as following, Pre-pubertal control group (C-pre): 16 premature male rats (aged 40 days) will be orally administered for 20 days with distilled water. Pre-pubertal hyperthyroid group (H-pre): 16 premature male rats (aged 40 days) will be orally administered for 20 days with thyroxine (T4) in drinking water (0.002% w/v) beside intragastric gavage of 200 T4 μg/kg body weight. Post-pubertal control group (C-pre): 16 mature male rats (aged 70 days) will be orally administered for 20 days with distilled water. Premature hyperthyroid group (H-pre): 16 mature male rats (aged 70 days) will be orally administered for 20 days with thyroxine (T4) in drinking water (0.002% w/v) beside intragastric gavage of 200 T4 μg/kg body weight. At the end of each treated and control subgroup period, males were anaesthesized (by injection of 0.3ml ketamine + 0.1 ml of xylazine/ kg b.w. ip), dissected and blood samples were obtained from abdominal vein in non-heparinized tubes. Hypothalamic, testicular and pituitary sample from each male has been obtained for evaluation of mRNA expression levels of GAPDH as housekeeping gene and TR-α and TR-β genes using qRT-PCR technique based on Syber Green dye. Hypothalamic, testicular and pituitary samples obtained from all groups recorded significant higher RNA concentrations at 10 and 20 day periods compared with control. Significant elevation of both TR-α and TR-β genes expression levels (fold changes) have been shown in thyroxine treated males in comparison with control, started after 10 days of treatment and continued in its elevation after 20 days of treatment. In comparison between period, both genes showed a significant difference between periods of control group, whereas thyroxine treated group recorded significant gradual elevation of both genes as the treatment period progress at 10th and 20th days.
ASSESSMENT OF VITAMIN D3, OSTEOCALCIN, CALCIUM, AND BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH OSTEOPENIA OR OSTEOPOROSIS
Abstract: Vitamin D3 and calcium deficiency are influential factors in the development of osteoporosis. Also, osteocalcin is considered to be one of the markers for osteoporosis as it is produced primarily by osteoblasts during bone formation. The aim of this study is to assess the serum levels of vitamin D3, osteocalcin, and calcium with bone mineral density to differentiate between osteopenic and osteoporotic postmenopausal women. A case control study that included 120 postmenopausal Iraqi women divided into three groups [40 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, 40 postmenopausal women with osteopenia, and 40 post-menopausal women free from osteoporosis and osteopenia as control group. The results obtained showed that vitamin D3 was significantly lower in both osteoporosis and osteopenia groups when compared to the control group. The average levels of osteocalcin were significantly lower in osteoporosis and osteopenia groups when compared to the control. Also, the average levels of serum calcium were significantly lower in osteoporosis and osteopenia groups when compared to the control group. The results of ROC curve analysis demonstrated excellent ability of the included tests variables with AUC= 0.912, 1.00, 0.91 and 1.00 for osteocalcin, vitamin D3, calcium, and T-score, respectively that can classify osteoporosis from control groups, and the cut-off values of these parameters could be used for this differentiation. Also, the results demonstrated excellent ability of all the included tests with the AUC = 0.902, 1.00, 0.912, 1.00 for osteocalcin, vitamin D3, calcium, and T-score, respectively that can classify osteopenia from control groups with the cut-off values. While, the results showed that only T-score (AUC= 1.00) is the best parameter used to differentiate osteoporosis from osteopenia. In conclusion, levels of vitamin D3, osteocalcin and calcium could be used to give an indication of bone mineral density status in osteopenic or osteoporotic postmenopausal women without the use of a DEXA analysis. But, the differentiation between osteopenia and osteoporosis was only obtained by the DEXA analysis method.
ASSESSMENT OF NEUTROPHIL TO LYMPHOCYTE AND PLATELET TO LYMPHOCYTES RATIO IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND COMPARISON WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS
Abstract: Introduction: Type II Diabetes mellitus (DM) is related to the insulin hormone and is seen when this hormone is incomplete or inadequate. Type II DM is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, and its incidence and serious complications have increased in recent years. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are important markers used in the diagnosis of general inflammatory conditions in the human body. It is stated that NLR and PLR are cheap and easily calculable markers that correlate with the prognosis of systemic inflammatory diseases and are frequently used in laboratories. Material and Methods: This is an analytic observational and cross-sectional study with a approach to determine the difference of NLR and LMR values in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus control and uncontrolled groups attending at Tertiary care Teaching Hospital over a period of 2 year. Laboratory examination data were taken from the Laboratory Information System (LIS), while patient demographic data, medical history, duration of illness, and drugs consumed were taken from medical record data. Furthermore, the NLR and LMR values were recorded for the NLR value obtained from the absolute neutrophils divided with absolute lymphocytes. In contrast, the LMR value was obtained from absolute lymphocytes divided by absolute monocytes. Result: The study was carried out on 100 diabetics and 100 subjects were used as controls. The mean age in the diabetics was 51.3 ± 3.6 years and in controls, it was 61.57 ± 5.73 years. The mean Systolic Blood Pressure (mm of Hg) in the diabetics was 131.5 ± 12.7 and, in controls, it was 115.6 ± 4.98. The mean Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm of Hg) in the diabetics was 90.6 ± 12.6 and, in controls, it was 77.0 ± 4.8. The mean fasting blood glucose in the diabetics was 159.53 ± 11.83 mg/dL and, in controls, it was 86.93 ± 5.39 mg/dL. The mean Postprandial blood glucose in the diabetics was 213.1 ± 20.9 mg/dL and, in controls, it was 130.76 ± 4.51 mg/dL. The mean HbA1c was 7.69 ± 0.61% in the diabetics and 4.97 ± 0.25% in controls. The mean Platelets was 239.42 ± 69.84 in the diabetics and 4.97 ± 0.25% in controls. The mean NLR was 2.5 and 1.02 in the cases and controls, respectively. The mean PLR was 119.7 and 95.2 in the cases and controls, respectively. Conclusion: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the uncontrolled type 2 DM group was significantly higher than in the controlled type 2 DM group. Meanwhile, the lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) did not significantly differ between the two groups. Further research that did not use secondary data is expected so the patient’s body mass index, lipid profile, length of diabetes, and type of therapy can be evaluated.
SEGMENTATION AND CREATION OF BRAIN TUMOR MODEL BASED ON ADVANCED TECHNIQUE
Abstract: Background: 3D printing technology has many advantages in biomedical applications and, recently, in neurosurgery. Its benefits reflect patients and surgeons because it gives a complete, clear, and accurate model of the brain with tumors before the operation. Students can also benefit from these models to study and know the realistic three-dimensional shape of the brain. Aim: This study aims to 1. construct a 3D brain tumor model using 3D slicer software and 3D printing technology, 2. Compare the model created by the software and the constructed model to ensure the accuracy of the printing process, and 3. Use these models for training before the operative and for educational purposes. Materials and methods: MRI, 3D slicer, de Vinci 1.0 A 3D printer, PLA filament, and digital caliper were used in this study. Five subjects with different pathologies and ages participated in this study to construct their brain tumor model. Result: The results of the present study showed successive 3D constructed models for those five subjects. In addition, it showed no large differences in dimensions between the computerized and made 3D model; this indicates that the 3D printer produces an accurate model with dimensions the same as the model created by MRI images of the patient. Conclusion: This study concluded that 3D printing technology offers a useful technique for making affordable brain tumor models for surgical preparation and operator training. The number of errors is decreased since smaller models produce more accurate results than larger ones.
COMPATIBILITY AND SYNERGISTIC INTERACTION OF ENTOMOPATOGENIC FUNGI BEAUVERIA BASSIANA , ISARIA FUMOSORSEA AND OXYMATRINE AGAINST LIRIOMYZA BRYONIAE
Abstract: The individual and combined effect of oxymatrine insecticide and the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorsea against the leafminer Liriomyza bryoniae (Kaltenbach,) [Diptera: Agromyzidae] was assessed. The oxymatrine was achieved 83.3% and 78.6% mortality of larvae and pupae at half field doses respectively. The mortality rate of larvae by Beauveria bassiana was 55.6 %, at a concentration of 107 spores/ml, and the LC50 value was 8.4 x104 spores/ml. larvae mortality by Isaria fumosorsea was 52% at a concentration of 107 spores/ml with LC50 value of 2.6 105 spores/ml. The mortality rate of pupae was 54.3% and 42.3%by by Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorsea respectively at 107 spores/ml concentration. There was an increase in the mortality rate due to the combined action of the Beauveria bassiana and the oxymatrine ( 88%) it does exceed synergistic effect ( chi square= 4.92), and71.3% by the combination of the oxymatrine and Isaria fumosorosea synergistic effect (chi square= 4.65). In the case of pupae treatment, an increase in the rate of mortality was achieved, but it did not express synergism.
EFFECT OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES ON CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS IN VIVO
Abstract: The aim of this research is to assessment the effect of copper nanoparticles inside the body by exposure the samples diagnosed using the modified acid fast stain and microscopic and isolated examination using the floatation into three concentrations per nano.material is(01, 0.03 and 0.05). And then examined the samples at half an hour after exposure using trypan blue stain half an hour later and was the evaluation of oocysts exposed to the same concentrations of nanomaterial's internally using laboratory mice, where mice were divided into five groups one groups, one of which had positive control and The other was negative control and the results in groups exposed to copper nanoparticles concentration (0.01,0.03 and 0.05)
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF CALRETININ IN THE BREAST CANCER
Abstract: Breast carcinoma is the second most common cancer following lung cancer, The invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer. About 8 in 10 invasive breast cancers are invasive (or infiltrating) ductal carcinomas (IDC). IDC begins in the breast milk duct's lining cells. The malignancy then spreads to the adjacent breast tissues after penetrating the duct's wall. At this point, it may be able to spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body through the lymph system and bloodstream.Sixty samples were taken from Al Karama Teaching Hospital and private Laboratory in Kut /wasit during the period from (October 1 ,2021 to January 1,2022) totally (60) samples ,(40)samples cancer and (20) samples normal. For histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis. The total patients were divided according to their age in to five groups ( 20-29),(30-39),(40-49),(50-59) and above 60.Reslts of present study revealed that a highest incidence of breast cancer ( 55%) occur in the age above 50 years ,there is a significant difference among patients groups (p0.001). Histopathologically results revealed that 27 cases (67.50%) of them were classified as grade II ductal carcinoma while the remaining (7)cases (17.5%) and (5)15% were grade I and grade II in the same order .The results of immunohistochemical analysis showed that calretinin showed 0(0%) of normal were positive ,but 17(42.5%) of invasive ductal carcinoma were positive ,while 20(100%) of normal were negative and 23(57.5%) were negative.
RESISTANCE PATTERN IN K.PNEUMONIA ISOLATED FROM COVID 19 PATIENTS
Abstract: Background : Covid-19 cause acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which leads to pulmonary failure. Secondary infections were diagnosed when patients showed clinical symptoms or signs of bacteremia, and had a positive culture of a new pathogen. In COVID-19 patients coinfected with bacteria in the ICU-death group, carbapenem resistant Klepsiella pneumonia, was isolated. This nosocomial, antibiotic-resistant pathogen is known to pose challenges in antibiotic therapy, and to increase the death-risk. Materials and Methods: A total of three hundred eighty clinical samples were collected from covid19 patients, in Iraq from October 2021 to February 2021, in the bacteriology Unit. Patients samples were included upper respiratory tract, 190 (50%) from Nasopharyngeal (NP) and 190 (50%) from and Oropharyngeal (OP) specimen. The recovered isolates were subjected to different morphological and biochemical tests for identification to the species level and disk diffusion test, in addition to identification of resistance genes included magA, K2A, entB, iutA, fyuA, kfu, bla Kpc2 and carbapenemase genes. Result: Disc diffusion technique, was used to test the susceptibility of 50 isolates of K. pneumoniae using 10 different antibiotics, K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to Ceftriaxone, Cefixime, Cloramphenicole, Augmentine, Aztreonam and Trimethoprime-sulphamethoxazole in percentage of 25 (50%), 19(38%), 29(58%), 20 (40%), 39 (78%) and 30(60%) respectively, while K. pneumoniae isolates has been showed sensitivity to Ciprofloxacillin, Amikacin, Gentamicin and Imipenem in a percent of 35 (70%), 36 (72%), 41 (82%) and 45 (90%). entB, and fyuA of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates showed that all isolates gave positive result for entB gene while only two lane gave positive result for fyuA gene. intA gene of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates gave positive result for intA gene. Two gene (bla kpc2 and kfu) of Klebsiella pneumonia isolates using PCR showed that 9 isolates gave positive result for both genes. MagA, K2A and Carbapenenmase showed that the multiplex PCR product of all genes were negative. Conclusion: Our results showed that K. pneumonia virulence genes was more correlated to covid-19 patients, especially entB gene.
THE EFFECT OF HIGH CONCENTRATION OF EXOGENOUS IODINE ON THE BRAIN OF PREGNANT MOTHER AND EMBRYOS RATS
Abstract: The study was investigated the effect of high concentration exogenous iodine on the thyroid transcription factors. Methods : The study was included 3 groups as following Group (1): Involved 20 adult female rats, animals in this group administered distilled water and served as control.Group (2): Involved 15 adult female rats, animals in this group treated group animals in low dose of iodine (0.06 mg) ,Group (3): Involved 15 adult female rats, animals in this group treated group animals in medium dose of iodine( 0.18 mg), after 18 days of pregnancy the animals was sacrificed and the serum was collected to determination Rat Paired box protein (PAX-8), Rat Forkhead box protein E1(FOXE1), Rat Homeobox protein (Nkx-2.1) done by ELISA assay for the mother while the thyroid factors for embryo was determined after tissues disruption with glass Homogenizers for the thyroid gland, the results reported the mother brain parameters showed the highest ACh concentration was in 1.8 gm 86.18c±1.02 followed by in 0.06 gm ,the concentration was 66.5±1.03, while the lowest value recorded in control group however the highest BDNF concentration was in 1.8 gm 5.77b±1.33followed by in 0.06 gm was 3.86a±0.15, and the lowest value recorded in control group with significant at(p≤0.05) between studied groups. same findings in embryonic brain parameters which highest ACh concentration was in 1.8 gm 65.38c±1.02 followed by in 0.06 gm ,the concentration was 50.5b±1.03 , however the highest BDNF concentration was in 1.8 gm 3.67b±0.0883 followed by in 0.06 gm was 1.96a±0.0581, and the lowest value recorded in control group in both groups with significant at(p≤0.05) between studied groups. Conclusion, the current study was found the parameters were involved directly with excess iodine taken , which all the parameter were evaluated with iodine doses in both pregnant mother and embryos rats.
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHICS AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE-POSITIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS:AN EXPERIENCE FROM DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS CENTRE OF INDIA
Abstract: We aimed to determinecharacterization of culture-positive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients from a drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) centre of India. We enrolled 436 TB patients and selected 395 subjects after inclusion and exclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics were employed to investigate the social-demographics and clinical feature of culture-positive TB patients and its risk factors.Mean age of patients was 43.6±12.7 years and 61.5% were males.A total of 108 (27.3%) patients were smokers while 26 (6.6%) were ex-smokers and remaining were non-smokers (66.1%).Most common symptoms were cough with expectoration 365 (92.4%). Complaints like fever (78%), haemoptysis (30%), and weight loss (63%) were present. 21% (n=82) population has family history of TB. Co-morbidities were present in 94 (23.8%) patients and diabetes (n=37) was the most common comorbidity. Out of 395, 125 cases of drug sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis and 270 cases were MDR-TB. In smear grading 204 cases were presented 2+ or 3+ positive, 191 were 1+ or scanty. Out of the 395 sample, 364 samples were found to be culture positive which were further analyzed by drug susceptibility testing (DST) of which 251, 243 and 247 were found to be resistant towards rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), and ethambutol (EMB), respectively.Our data suggests that there is a sufficient number of MDR-TB patients in the studied. The majority of MDR-TB resulted from people failing to take their anti-TB medications properly. Hence, decreasing alcohol intake, receiving more education, TB advocacy & communication, more testing and notification, and TB control programmes are indispensable to defeatthe TB.
COMPARISON OF THE BLOOD LIPID PROFILE IN CANCER PATIENTS AND HEALTHY PEOPLE.
Abstract: Aim and Objective: 1) To compare the blood lipid profile between cancer patients and healthy individuals. 2) To determine if the lipid profile of the serum changes throughout the pathogenesis of cancer. 3) These changed blood lipid levels can be employed as biochemical indicators of cancer situations. Introduction: As important constituents of cell membrane, lipids are crucial for maintaining the integrity of the cell. Alterations in lipid profiles have been associated to cancer because malignancy causes newly multiplying tumor cells to need more lipids for their synthesis, which depletes the body's current resources. It has been demonstrated that cancer patients exhibit hypocholesterolemia. Consequently, the reduced plasma lipid status may serve as a valuable marker to identify the early alterations in the neoplastic process.
ESTIMATION OF BODY STATURE FROM VARIOUS PARAMETERS OF HAND – AN ANTHROPOMETRIC STUDY IN CENTRAL INDIAN POPULATION
Abstract: Introduction: Stature or body height is one of the most important and useful anthropometric parameters that determine the physical identity of an individual. The study was done to estimate stature from the hand parameters. Anthropometric technique commonly used by anthropologists and adopted by medical scientists has been employed to estimate stature for over a hundred years. Stature provides insight into various features of a population including nutrition, health and genetics; geographical location, environment and climatic condition. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted on a sample of 400 medical students (200 males and 200 females) within the age group of 17-25 years from LN Medical College Research Center Bhopal over a period of 2 year. Apparently healthy, asymptomatic males and females students. Result: In our study the mean age of the male and female study subjects was 21.59±6.39 years and 19.83±5.44 years respectively. Male: Female ratio was 1:1. Mean stature in male subjects was 169.17±15.78 cm. In this study maximum height reported was 179.5 cm, while minimum height was 153.6 cm. The range in stature of male was from 153.6 to 179.5 cm. Mean stature in female subjects was 154.63±12.91 cm. In this study maximum height recorded was 171.1 cm, while minimum height was 145.0 cm. The range in height of female subjects was from 145.0 to 171.1 cm. Conclusion: However, hand length was more reliable in estimating stature in both male and female subjects. These results will be of immense benefit to forensic studies and bio anthropology.
RMASSESSMENT OF NEUTROPHIL TO LYMPHOCYTE AND PLATELET TO LYMPHOCYTES RATIO IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND COMPARISON WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS
Abstract: Introduction: Type II Diabetes mellitus (DM) is related to the insulin hormone and is seen when this hormone is incomplete or inadequate. Type II DM is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, and its incidence and serious complications have increased in recent years. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are important markers used in the diagnosis of general inflammatory conditions in the human body. It is stated that NLR and PLR are cheap and easily calculable markers that correlate with the prognosis of systemic inflammatory diseases and are frequently used in laboratories. Material and Methods: This is an analytic observational and cross-sectional study with a approach to determine the difference of NLR and LMR values in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus control and uncontrolled groups attending at Tertiary care Teaching Hospital over a period of 2 year. Laboratory examination data were taken from the Laboratory Information System (LIS), while patient demographic data, medical history, duration of illness, and drugs consumed were taken from medical record data. Furthermore, the NLR and LMR values were recorded for the NLR value obtained from the absolute neutrophils divided with absolute lymphocytes. In contrast, the LMR value was obtained from absolute lymphocytes divided by absolute monocytes. Result: The study was carried out on 100 diabetics and 100 subjects were used as controls. The mean age in the diabetics was 51.3 ± 3.6 years and in controls, it was 61.57 ± 5.73 years. The mean Systolic Blood Pressure (mm of Hg) in the diabetics was 131.5 ± 12.7 and, in controls, it was 115.6 ± 4.98. The mean Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm of Hg) in the diabetics was 90.6 ± 12.6 and, in controls, it was 77.0 ± 4.8. The mean fasting blood glucose in the diabetics was 159.53 ± 11.83 mg/dL and, in controls, it was 86.93 ± 5.39 mg/dL. The mean Postprandial blood glucose in the diabetics was 213.1 ± 20.9 mg/dL and, in controls, it was 130.76 ± 4.51 mg/dL. The mean HbA1c was 7.69 ± 0.61% in the diabetics and 4.97 ± 0.25% in controls. The mean Platelets was 239.42 ± 69.84 in the diabetics and 4.97 ± 0.25% in controls. The mean NLR was 2.5 and 1.02 in the cases and controls, respectively. The mean PLR was 119.7 and 95.2 in the cases and controls, respectively. Conclusion: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the uncontrolled type 2 DM group was significantly higher than in the controlled type 2 DM group. Meanwhile, the lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) did not significantly differ between the two groups. Further research that did not use secondary data is expected so the patient’s body mass index, lipid profile, length of diabetes, and type of therapy can be evaluated.
MAPPING OF THE SPREAD OF TUBERCULOSIS (TBC) DISEASE IN 2019
Abstract: Padang Pariaman is one of the regencies/cities that has quite high cases of tuberculosis (TBC). The spread of tuberculosis will be difficult to identify if the data is presented only in numbers or tables. This study aims to determine the mapping of the distribution of tuberculosis in the Padang Pariaman Regency. This research is qualitative research using the concept of a Geographical Information System that can visualize, explore, sort data, and analyze spatially. The results show that the distribution of tuberculosis in general has an adjacent pattern, which is mostly the western part of Padang Pariaman Regency. Lubuk Alung Sub-sub-district (102 cases) and Batang Anai (91 cases) were the sub-sub-district that had the most cases and Padang Sago Sub-district (17 cases) and Batang Gasan Sub-district (21 cases) had the lowest. The level of distribution in Padang Pariaman Regency is influenced by community interaction, proximity, and population density. The results of the spatial analysis that resulted in the mapping made the distribution of tuberculosis easier to control, resources could be used more effectively, and made it easier for health workers to intervene in health programs.
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ARGINASE PRODUCED BY PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Abstract: Arginase enzyme produced and purified from Pseudomonas aeruginosa by four steps, ammonium sulphate, dialysis, ion exchange and gel filtration and purified L-arginase showed the maximum activity at pH 8.0 in the presence of Mn2+ ions and the enzyme activity was increased significantly by the addition of ZnSO4, MgCl2, and MnCl2 ions separately in the enzymatic reaction mixture, and inhibited potently by chemicals such as (CuCl2 and EDTA).
COMPARISON OF RANSON, GLASGOW IMRIE AND BISAP V/S MODIFIED ATLANTA SCORE IN ASSESSING SEVERITY OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS.
Abstract: Background: Acute Pancreatitis is one of the most common reasons to visit an ER with wide spectrum of severity. It requires assessment of severity for better management and to avoid complications. Few studies have been done to assess the severity scoring systems in their ability to predict severe acute pancreatitis. Hence, we aim to compare the various scoring systems in order to find out which is the best in predicting the outcome in acute pancreatitis. Method: Demographic, radiographic and laboratory data was collected retrospectively of patients with Acute Pancreatitis who were admitted in district Wenlock hospital, Mangalore between January-June 2022. Modified Atlanta, Ranson, BISAP, Glasgow imrie score of all patients was calculated. and statistically analysed for correlation between each pair of scoring systems. Results: Of 107 patients, Male gender formed 96.3%(103), Females formed 3.7% (4)of the patients suffering from Acute Pancreatitis. Ranson, BISAP and Glasgow score, all three showed a strong association with Modified Atlanta Score according to the Fishers exact test(p 0.05). Ranson score with an AUC of 0.881 suggests that a Ranson score of 2 with sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 78.7% was a cut off score in our study in predicting the severity of Acute Pancreatitis. Similarly, a BISAP score close to 2 with AUC of 0.766 was a cut off point in predicting severity with a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 83.1%. A Glasgow imrie score of 2 was a cut off point with AUC 0.860 in predicting severity of acute pancreatitis with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 78.7%. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that a higher score on these scoring systems correlated with greater severity of the disease. A cut off score of 2 on the Ranson scoring system demonstrated the highest sensitivity of 90% and highest correlation with the modified Atlanta score.
EFFECT OF COVID-19 ON UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION DURING PANDEMICS – AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.
Abstract: COVID-19 as the name its self suggest Corona virus disease 2019 was found primarily in December 2019, in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. COVID declared as pandemic by World Health organization in march 2020.2The gap in the medical education of undergraduate students was demanding something more than traditional teaching which has led to opening of newer ways teaching learning methods. In such a case support of ongoing technology was taken by the teachers of medical institutions.
CYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF ARGINASE ENZYME FROM PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Abstract: In the study was based on studying the cytotoxic effect of arginase enzyme on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), the purified arginase was showed highest inhibition for growth of breast cancer cell line (MCF7) with an IC50 of (116.0) μg/ml in comparison with an IC50 of (136.4)μg/ml for normal cell line. Five concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25, and (12.5) μg/ml of purified enzyme arginase was tested on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) to detect the changes in six cellular parameters using high content screening system (HCS) (viable cell count VCC, nuclear intensity NI, cell membrane permeability CMP, mitochondrial membrane potential MMP and cytochrome C) reading result revealed that the concentration (200 μg/ml) have highest significant effect on the most parameters when compared with control.
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS ON PATIENTS WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME ATTENDING IVF CENTER/BAGHDAD CITY
Abstract: Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can cause infertility, irregular periods and other health problems. Women with PCOS are at a higher risk of depression and anxiety compared to those without it. Lifestyle modifications can reduce the risk for hair loss, obesity status, depression, and anxiety. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of psychological impact among females with PCOS and its correlates. Patients and Methods: Across-sectional study was performed on patients with known history of PCOS, attending IVF center/ Baghdad since April 10th 2022 to July 20th 2022. Women aged 12-49 years with PCOS were eligible for study. A sample of 200 women were interviewed using a special questionnaire to assess their mental health status which is consists of 15 points, as well as some demographical variables. Results: The prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) was found 77.5% which was highly prominent because women with PCOS may face psychological issues and it is widely most common problem. The obesity and overweigh status where highly increase of 74% which was very correlated to women with PCOS. The educational level was also found highly in the category of college graduates than primary and secondary level of 71% versus 57% respectively. The occupation status was also showed high prevalence in housewives which was 62% than employees. Conclusion: Significant associations of psychological impacts on patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome included occupation, educational status, BMI, irregularity of menstrual cycle, hirsutism, hair loss and acne of the study participants and give rationality to the aspects of PCOS Psychological Scale. These result high need for assessment of women with PCOS for psychological impacts. Keywords: (Polycystic ovarian syndrome, depression, anxiety, obesity, infertility)
RISK FACTORS OF SECONDARY INFERTILITY AMONG FEMALES ATTENDING THE OUTPATIENT CLINIC AT THE OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY TEACHING HOSPITAL IN KERBELA – 2022
Abstract: Background: Infertility is a worldwide public health issue, defined as the inability to conceive pregnancy within one year despite regular unprotected intercourse. Objectives: This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with secondary infertility in females attending the outpatient clinic at Obstetrics and Gynaecology teaching hospital in Karbala. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted involving the women who attended the infertility unit in the obstetric and gynaecological teaching hospital in Karbala Governorate for infertility evaluation and treatment. among 400 respondents aged 18-45 years. the survey was conducted from March 2022 to May 2022 using a self-administrated structured questionnaire in Karbala province which is located in central Iraq. Result: Regarding the risk factor of secondary infertility about 48% of the participants reported using contraception, 24.7% of the participants used oral contraceptive pills and about 12.3% of them used injectable type for more than one year. other risk factors of secondary infertility about 44.3% had irregularity of menstrual cycle, 43% had abnormal vaginal discharge, 30% had consanguinity,24% had dysmenorrhea,22% had pcos,15.5% had tubal blockage,15.5% had pelvic inflammatory disease, 4.5% had premature ovarian failure,3% had uterine fibroid,5% had D.M, 5% had HTN. Conclusions: Generally, the finding of the study showed that significant association between body mass index of patients, ectopic Pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, family history of secondary infertility, premature ovarian failure (POF) and age groups. Keywords: secondary infertility, risk factors, females.
EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS AMONG CHILDREN IN BABIL , 2022
Abstract: Abstract Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental disabilities that are marked by persistent immaturity in social communication and social interaction, as well as confined and recurrent patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. These basic symptoms appear before the age of three years and continue for the rest of one`s life. ASD has risen to the top of scientist`s and health care provider`s priority lists, as well as attracting public attention due to an increase in its prevalence. Objective: To determine the risk factors for Autism among autistic children in Babil Province. Type of study: case- control study Patients and Methods: the study was conducted in four private specialized educational institutions for autistic children for cases, and controls were drawn from a kindergarten, and primary schools in Babil city. A study sample was 130 children (60 cases and 70 controls), age ranging from 2.6 to 10 years. This study conducted during the period of data collection extended from the first of February to the first of May 2022. The data were collected through a special structured validated questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Mean age of the study participants among autistic children was (6.8±2years) ranging from (2.6-10years) old. Most of the children with autism included in the study were boys (81.7%) and girls (18.3%). Both genders predominantly urban residence. More than half of fathers of the study participants were governmental employee and about half of mothers were house wife among autistic child. More than one third of mothers of autistics children had a history of psychiatric illness before pregnancy (anxiety& depression) and epilepsy. There is another statistically significant differences among cases and controls regarding the diseases of the child after delivery. Conclusions: There are many risk factors play an important role in the development of autism spectrum disorders, these include: gender, parent`s education, parent`s occupation, maternal stress, diseases during pregnancy that can affect the development of child and attributed to autism. Key words: autism spectrum disorders, risk factors, social interaction, communication skills.
ASSESSMENT OF THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN THI-QAR
Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global leading killer and cases number of DM had increases dramatically over last decades and expected to continue. Type 2 DM represent more than 95% of DM cases and it affect adults mainly. Recent estimates give that one in each 10 adults got DM. East Mediterranean region including Iraq is the region that have the highest prevalence of DM in world of 14%. Diabetic patients suffer from wide range of nutritional problems, which could negatively affect the control, prognosis, complication of the disease and their quality of life. Objective: to assess of the nutritional status of type 2 DM patients and factors associated with it. Patient and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study. A random sample of 300 patients with type 2 DM. were selected from those attending the diabetes and endocrine center in Thi-Qar province/ Iraq from 1/4/2022-15/9/2022. For each patient, demographic, nutritional and history related to the disease was taken. Anthropometric measures were checked, RBS, HbA1c, lipid profile and body component was examined by human body element analyzer (impedance electrochemistry). A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results:More than 50% of the sample were obese and 89% were overweight. A significant positive correlation identified between body mass index (BMI) and the central obesity parameters including the pelvis circumference and waist circumference, also breakfast intake and with fat, protein and water content. The protective factor from obesity were in the normal weight group are male sex(p=0.007), address(p=0.006), Type of therapy the patient received(p=0.004) or DM family history (p= 0.003), absence of chronic diseases(p=0.023), smoking (p= 0.0001 ), chronic constipation (p= 0.062)and when the patient rarely eat rice(p= 0.018). Conclusion In T2DM, highly significant and and positive correlation between BMI and the central obesity and between BMI and body component including fat, protein and water content Key word: Diabetes, type 2 diabetes, obesity, nutritional assessment, Thi-Qar, anthropometric
“EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION ON MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS AMONG THE PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN”.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION Background: Menopause refers to the permanent interruption of the female reproductive cycle. The word "menopause" literally means the end of the lunar cycle and is made up of the Greek word "pausis" (stop) and the root word "men" (month). This is because the word "menopause" was created to describe changes in women. The cosmic continuation focuses on the female gender. Her roles are constantly changing: her daughter, wife, and mother. Her former mother, she leads and sets the direction of her family association. She has the greatest impact on her family. These changing roles are constantly changing normal physics. Family support affects a woman's physical and mental development. Today women participate in all social, cultural and political spheres. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted at selected areas of Karad taluka. An evaluative research approach with one group pre test post test research design was adopted. 50 premenopausal women selected with simple random sampling technique as per inclusion and exclusion criteria The present study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to be University Karad. Tools used like structured knowledge questionnaire and educational intervention was used to educate women. Educational intervention was used by one to one in the form of teaching session by researcher. Informed consent was obtained from study participants. Collected data arranged in Microsoft xl sheet. Data Analysis - Data were analyzed by using the Instat. Results were reported as frequency, percentage, Mean ± SD, ‘𝑡’ test , p values and ANOVA were used. Results: Majority 26 (52%) belonged to 40-45yrs of age. Majority 49(98%) belonged to Hindu religion 31 (62%) having Secondary education. 43 (86%) were House maker. 40 (80%) having monthly income Rs.5000 – 10,000. Majority 38 (76%) are from joint family. 30 (60%) are from urban area. 48(96%) were married. 33(66%) were having two children and maximum 42(84%) were taking mixed type of diet. Majority 17 (34%) were attainted menarche at age of 14 years, majority 39 ( 78%) had normal flow, majority 28 (56%) were having more than 6 days, majority 42 (84%) were having their cycle once in a month, majority 45 (90%) women’s had adopted permanent Family planning method. Pre test knowledge score 8 (16%) having good knowledge score , 35 (70%) average 7 (14%) poor and after intervention post test score was 14(28%) good, 33 (66%) average and 3 (06%) poor knowledge score, ‘t’ value 18.050and p value is less than 0.0001which shows Educational intervention on menopausal symptoms among the premenopausal women was effective in improving in knowledge score. There is no any significant association found between pre-test knowledge score of premenopausal women and socio-demographic data. Conclusion: Most of the women's knowledge was adequate prior to the implementation of the educational intervention. This made it easier for them to learn about the symptoms of menopause and how to treat them. Reason for change and adaptation to change. Clarity of Concepts, Symptoms and Prompts Management revealed by post-test knowledge scores Key worlds: Knowledge, Educational intervention, Menopausal Symptoms, Premenopausal Women
A STUDY ON THE EXTENT OF DERANGEMENT OF SERUM SODIUM LEVELS AFTER TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF PROSTATE - A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Abstract: Introduction: Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) surgery is often done on men over the age of 40 who have benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The fluid used to clean the area has 1.5% glycine in it. The potential complication of such procedure is systemic absorption of hypotonic irrigating fluid leading to fluid overload and resultant hyponatremia leading to manifestation of TUR syndrome. It should be treated promptly. Even though surgery and anaesthesia for TURP have improved a lot in recent years, 2.5–20% of patients who have TURP still, show one or more signs of TURP syndrome, and 0.5–5% die during surgery. Objective : The objective of the study was to assess the extent of derangement of serum sodium levels following transurethral resection of prostate. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, there were 40 participants, all of whom were men between the ages of 40 and 80 who met the criteria for participation. Patients who met the criteria were studied one after the other. A pre tested and validated proforma was used to collect data. The study subjects underwent routine preoperative anaesthesia checkup and optimisation prior to surgery. Preoperative S.Na+ and S.K+ were recorded. Standard monitors were attached and intravenous access was secured. Under strict asepsis after local infiltration with 2% lignocaine central neuraxial blockade was performed with 0.5% Bupivacaine (H) 2.2-2.5 mL. The level of the blockade was restricted to T10. Patients were placed in a lithotomy position and the surgery started using mono-polar cautery with 1.5% glycine irrigation fluid, keeping the irrigation fluid column at a height of 60 cm, from the patient. The resection time and irrigation time, the weight of the prostate gland resected, and the volume of 1.5% glycine used recorded during the procedure. The S.Na+ and S.K+ levels were done in patients at 1 hour and 3 hours after initiation of irrigation with 1.5 % glycine, using venous blood samples. Any value below 135 mEq/L was considered significant. Results: The study showed that there is significant derangement of S.Na+ levels at 1Hr and 3Hr after initiation of irrigation with 1.5% glycine with a p value of 0.002 and 0.001 respectively. Conclusion: Incidence of hyponatremia following TURP has not been decreased despite the advancement of management of BPH. The derangement of S.Na+ can become pronounced in the first three hours postoperatively.
EFFECT OF PROLONGED-RELEASE PIRFENIDONE ON RENAL FUNCTION IN SEPTIC ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY PATIENTS
Abstract: Introduction: Acute kidney damage is severe medical consequence that has a poor prognosis on its own. AKI occurs in around one out of every five patients with non-severe sepsis, rising to two out of three in critically sick patients Aim: in research we aimed to assess impact of PR-PFD on renal function in studied cases with sAKI. Studied cases & techniques: This research was randomized, double-blind, parallel-design clinical trial showed in single university hospital. Results: there was variation among studied groups as regard pH, serum Na & platelets at day1 & statistical variation among studied groups as regard pH, serum K and platelets at day1. In group A there was variation among day 1 and day 7 as regard creatinine, serum HCO3, serum K, serum Na, Hb, serum uric acid, leukocytes and platelets. In group B there was variation among day 1 and day 7 as regard creatinine, pH, serum K, Hb, leukocytes and platelets. In group C there was variation among day 1 and day 7 as regard creatinine, serum K, serum Na, serum uric acid, leukocytes and platelets. Conclusion: In conclusion, PR-PFD was safe in terms of adverse events and improves kidney function when compared to placebo in patients with septic AKI. For our findings to be verified, more research is required.
IN VITRO EFFICACY OF PADIGALINGA CHENDOORAM, A TRADITIONAL SIDDHA MEDICINE AGAINST BACTERIAL PATHOGENS
Abstract: Infectious diseases are the main human killers, particularly in developing countries. Many traditional siddha medicines are used in the traditional treatment of Infectious diseases, but there has not been a sufficient focus on evaluating their antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of Padigalinga chendooram, a traditional herbo-mineral siddha medicine against bacterial pathogens. The zone of inhibition of the aqueous extract of Padikaraparpam was examined by using the agar well diffusion protocol. All tested concentrations showed considerable antibacterial activity. The highest activity showed by the 200 µg/ml concentration followed by 100 µg /ml compared to 50 µg/ml. There is no zone of inhibition in the lowest concentrations viz 25 µg/ml, 12.5 µg/ml against all pathogens. Thus, the study backs up the therapeutic claims that Padigalinga chendooram has strong antibacterial properties and provides significant therapeutic advantages against bacterial pathogens.
PLANT-MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES OF POLY HERBAL SIDDHA MEDICINE VALLARAI CHOORANAM AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Abstract: The nanoparticles have various benefits in the biomedical field. The present research aimed to synthesize the copper nanoparticles from siddha therapeutics poly-phyto Vallarai Chooranam and its biomedical applications of antibacterial and anticancer properties. A copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) process was carried out utilizing vallarai chooranam (VC) as a biological reducing substance as well as the UV–visible spectra at 432 nm were used to confirm the Cu NPs. Proteins as well as other ligands were found to be responsible for the capping of produced Cu NPs in UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV). Further, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) explored the crystalline nature of spherical morphological particles with a size range of 40 and 50 nm. An average diameter of Cu NPs was identified as 204.6 nm utilizing Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis as well as the zeta potential was – 141.9 mV, indicating that VC-Cu NPs are stable. The antimicrobial activity of VC-Cu NPs against Bacillus subtilis demonstrated a maximum zone of inhibition (14 mm). Cu NPs strongly reduced MCF-7 cell growth, by an IC50 score of 3.44088+/-230.7(6703 percent) µg/ml of the concentration in the minimum tested concentration (10µg/ml), Cu NPs were able to suppress the cell line's development by lesser than 10%. The inclusion of 50µg/ml Cu NPs, on the other hand, dramatically slowed the cell line's development (by >93%). We showed that a simple, effective, and fast synthesis process of Cu NPs can be utilized to create vast quantities of Cu NPs for use in biomedical applications.
PREVALENCE OF TOBACCO SMOKING AND ITS CORRELATES AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF KERBALA, 2022
Abstract: Background: Tobacco smoking is a significant avoidable cause of morbidity and mortality, every year, millions of people are killed or sickened by tobacco. The objective: Determine the prevalence of tobacco smoking and its correlates among female students of university of Kerbala. Study design: An analytical cross-sectional study Setting: University of Kerbala- Karbala- Iraq. Methods: Four colleges were randomly chosen, for the four stages aged 18 – 30 years, and data collection was from the first of April to the end of May 2022. The questionnaire sheets were distributed to each participant, 12 forms were neglected for non-complete data. The total sample achieved was 531 female student. Oral consent was taken, participants were informed that the data is anonymous, some of the questionnaires were taken from the World Health Organization's " Global Youth Tobacco Survey" questionnaire, and others from the studies we previously cited, the data was entered and analyzed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 24), the statistical association is considered significant when the p-value is equal to or less than 0.05. Results: The present study revealed that 11.1% of the female students reported that they are currently smoking tobacco (about half of them reported cigarette smoking), the brothers and friends accounted for 46.9% of the source of the first cigarette. Curiosity, enjoyment, and psychological pressure represented the more 3 single reasons of smoking, the low educational level of either parent significantly associated with a higher proportion of smoking of their girls and there was a significant association between the current smoking status of the female students and the cigarette smoking of the mothers and anyone (brother, sister) smoke in the family. Conclusions: Tobacco Smoking prevalence among female students was comparatively more than previously reported results conducted in the same university. More than one-half of the current smoker female students were cigarette smoking. The findings require policymakers to initiate anti-smoking strategies.
DIETARY KNOWLEDGE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS IN KARBALA
Abstract: Background: Pregnancy is associated with changes in woman’s nutritional needs. The mother’s nutritional status affects her own health, and that of the fetus, and the outcome of the pregnancy. This study aims to determine the knowledge of pregnant women towards proper nutrition and factors associated with their knowledge. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 364 pregnant women from 20 weeks and above who attended primary health care centers in Karbala city, using a specially prepared questionnaire. Data was collected by direct interview with pregnant ladies. A systematic sample was used on select patients. Data collection was conducted from 10th of April to 15 June 2022. Results: According to baseline responses of pregnant women and their scores, the mean total knowledge score was (4.39 ± 2.43) out maximum 11 and total knowledge score percentage was (39.9%), the knowledge scores increase with increase education of the mother as higher education, with increase age and large family size. Conclusion: The overall knowledge was poor regarding nutrition during pregnancy among pregnant women. Women education was the most important factor that affect their knowledge and there was weak counselling by primary health care physicians to pregnant women about nutrition. So there is a need for greater emphasis on nutritional counselling and education to optimize maternal diets.
ASSESSMENT OF DEPRESSION AND SOCIAL SUPPORT AMONG WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER IN KARBALA CITY 2022
Abstract: Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy among females worldwide, and is associated with severe mental and emotional outcomes than other cancer. One of the psychological consequences of breast cancer is depression. The prevalence of depression is influenced by multiple factors, one of which was the level of social support. Women with high levels of support experience better psychosocial adjustment, and less depression during and after treatment for breast cancer. Objectives: Assessment the level of depression and social support among breast cancer women, and determine the association of depression with social support and socio-demographic characteristics. Patients and Method: A cross-sectional study was done involving 250 women with breast cancer who attended the oncology clinics of Imam Hussein and Imam Al-Hassan Al-Mujtaba teaching hospital in Karbala, Iraq from 1st March to 30th June. Data were collected by direct interview using a structured questionnaire, PHQ-9 to assess the level of depression, and MSPSS to assess the patient’s social support and were analyzed using SPSS version 24, and p value considered statistically significant when it is 0.05. Results: The prevalence of depression was (36.8%). About (54%) of breast cancer women had high total social support. The level of depression and social support were significantly associated with the marital status, the number of children, living status, and monthly income P0.05. Also, the result showed that the level of depression decreases significantly with the increase in the level of social support in breast cancer women. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of depression among breast cancer women. It decreases significantly with the increase in social support for them. Integration of screening programs for depression and psychosocial service provision in routine cancer care is recommended, and a support system for coordinating various types of support from the family, their healthcare professionals and community organizations in a way of teamwork to activate their social support systems, and working collaboratively as a multidisciplinary team to support patients financially and psychologically.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES OF HIJAMAH AND IT'S CORRELATES AMONG HIJAMAH USERS IN IRAQ 2022
Abstract: Background: Hijamah (cupping therapy) is an ancient therapy that has been employed for centuries in the treatment of various conditions and still currently used and practiced among large-scale of people in the world and in Iraq. The practice of Hijamah has been part of middle eastern culture and Islamic heritage. Objectives of this study: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Hijamah users , to identify safety practices of Hijamah, to assess the satisfaction of Hijamah users with this therapy and to identify the demographic characteristics of Hijamah users. Subjects & Methods: Cross-Sectional approach was conducted on Hijamah users in Kerbala, Najaf and Babil Governorates, using written questionnaire which included demographic data, knowledge, attitudes and practices of Hijamah among users through the period from February to June 2022. Results: The study included (426) Hijamah users. The mean age was 40.22, ±11.44, (90 %) of them were males, (70.5%) had secondary level of education and higher education, (50%) knowing Hijamah from their friends. Furthermore the vast majority of them (96%) believed that Hijamah is kind of prevention and treatment of diseases. Among them (97%) reported that they got benefits after using Hijamah. About (67.1%) of Hijamah users have chronic diseases like hypertension, diabetes , low back pain . About (46%) of Hijamah users are tobacco smokers. The vast majority of Hijamah users (94%) repeat Hijamah twice and even more per year, and the majority (85%) of them believed and satisfied that Hijamah therapy cure their diseases, (85%) of Hijamah users practice Hijamah without recommendations from their health care providers. Conclusion: The knowledge, attitudes and practices of Hijamah users were sufficient and accepted. More regulations of this traditional line of treatment that is widely used by the population in Iraq are needed, in order to reduce the adverse effects and complications of this traditional medicine.
THE INVESTIGATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PROSTATE ISSUES OF RATE EXPOSED TO CADMIUM SULFATE AND EVALUATED OF PROTECTIVE/PROPHYLACTIC EFFECTS OF TERFEZIA BOUDIERI IN THE SAME TISSUES.
Abstract: Objective: To assess the effectiveness of Terfezia boudieri extracts in protection against cadmium sulfate (CdSO4) induced toxicity in stimulating immunological and oxidative stress in male rats. Methods: A total of 30 healthy adult rats (weighting 240-260g) were included in the current study. These rats were randomly distributed into 5 groups, each of 6 rats. The first group (control) was given no treatment for 8 weeks, and the second group was administered CdSO4 orally at 28 mg/kg/day for 15 days (experiment period). The third group received Terfezia boudieri extracts at 300 mg/kg intraperitoneally (IP) every day, the fourth group was given a combination of CdSO4 and Terfezia boudieri extracts at 300 mg/kg /day, and the fifth group was treated with Terfezia boudrieri at 300 mg/kg/ day intraperitoneally following by CdSO4. ELISA was used to evaluate cytokine levels, and a VIDAS automated mini-analyzer was used to determine serum PSA activities. Prostate tissue Malondialdehyde level (MDA), prostate tissue activity, prostate tissue glutathione Peroxidase (GSHPX), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Catalase (CAT) and total protein were assessed. Oxidation of NADPH is monitored spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. Results: Cadmium sulfate increased the production of IL-1β, serum PSA activity, prostate tissue MDA levels, and decreased levels of (IL-6, IL-10), (CAT), (SOD), and (GSHPX). The alteration of these biological parameters is significantly improved by using Terfezia boudrieri extract. Conclusion: Protective and prophylactic effects of Terfezia boudrieri were observed compared to the toxic effects and deterioration of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines after exposure to cadmium sulfate in the prostate gland.
OPTIMAL DIAGNOSTIC POINTS OF NESFATIN-1 AND CHEMERIN FOR PREDICTING SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA CASES
Abstract: background: Among all types of CVDs, arrhythmias are most often responsible for sudden deaths and are indicative of other high-risk diseases. Arrhythmia is the collective term for a variety of conditions that involve a heart rhythm other than sinus rhythm. Adipokines are produced from adipose tissues, which are considered endocrine organs involved in cardiovascular function causing electrophysiological effects such as ionic profiles, contractility in the atrium, and change in morphology of action potential. Nesfatin-1 and chemerin are a newly discovered adipokine, related to the inflammatory process. The present study aims to examine the diagnostic ability of adipocytokines (Nesfatin-1 and chemerin) and their ratio in SVT arrhythmia cases. Material and methods: The study recruited 60 patients and 30 healthy controls. These patients were divided into two subgroups of SVT, certain etiology of SVT cases with clear history of one or more of the risk factors such as (lipid disorder, thyroid disorder, DM, hypertension), and uncertain etiology of SVT cases without any previous history. Serum Nesfatin-1 and chemerin were measured using the ELISA technique. Some related parameters were also determined and correlated with the level of these adipokines. Results: The mean level of serum nesfatin-1 was significantly higher in normal subjects than in both certain & un-certain SVT etiology groups. Estimation plot of determination serum level of Chemerin was indicted a massive increased level in un-certain SVT patients compared the other groups. Binary logistic regression was performed. It was found that chemerin in certain and uncertain etiology SVT patient (OR: 1.008 and 1.018; 95% CI: (0.998 - 1.018), (1.008 - 1.028) respectively, were independent risk factors. while Nesfitin (OR: 0.960 and 0.946, 95% CI: (0.929 - 0.992), (0.913 - 0.980) were independent protective factors for arrhythmia SVT patient. Results of the receiver operating curve (ROC) curve and AUC analysis for the optimal diagnostic points for predicting uncertain etiology of SVT cases was indicated that chemerin was demonstrated the most interesting prediction (sensitivity = 0.60.%, specificity = 0.89%) at a level = 733.55). Conclusions: Nesfatin-1 and chemerin levels are affected by SVT arrhythmia disease when adjusted for other cofounders. The present results suggest that serum chemerin can be used as an inflammatory marker of SVT arrhythmia patients as it has good sensitivity and specificity.
A REVIEW ON QUALITY BY DESIGN VALIDATION APPROACH FOR ANALYTICAL VALIDATION OF ANTI AGING AGENT
Abstract: In the recent decade, the pharmaceutical sector has grown quickly by concentrating on product quality, safety, and efficacy. Scientific technologies like QbD (Quality by Design) and PAT (Process Analytical Technology)have helped pharmaceutical companies boost the amount of new products they generate. There have been ICH recommendations on QbD application in API synthesis and formulation development, which have been discussed in Q8 through Q11. The ICH Q11 guidelines provide examples of the QbD technique used in API synthesis. The USFDA mandates that generic drug manufacturers use the Quality by Design (QbD) strategy when developing new formulations. It is still unclear what regulatory bodies want from analytical development in terms of AQbD (Analytical Quality by Design) and PAT (Process Analytical Technology). API synthesis process and analytical technique development may benefit from combining QbD and AQbD, as outlined in this study. Method optimization and development with DoE, MODR (method operable design region), Control Strategy, AQbD method validation, and continuous method monitoring are some of the most important AQbD tools. These include identifying ATP (Analytical Target Profile), CQA (Critical Quality Attributes), and risk assessment. Quality by Design (QbD) activities may be implemented simultaneously in both synthetic and analytical development, resulting in the best quality product while reducing risks.
ENVIRONMENTAL BASED DENGUE FEVER PREVENTION MODEL
Abstract: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever or better known as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). This DHF vector is the Aedes aegypti mosquito through repeated bites of susceptible people. Efforts that are often made to prevent the spread of DHF through the eradication of mosquito nests (PSN) and case-control have not been running optimally because the eradication of dengue disease does not only eradicate Aedes aegypti mosquitoes but also eradicate the dengue virus carried by these mosquitoes. Thus the emphasis on eradication is also directed at reducing the number of mosquitoes that can carry the dengue virus in a way, which is often done by killing the larvae. Meanwhile, removing larvae is commonly used by implementing 3M Plus and this has received less attention from the community because it is considered an effort with unclear results compared to smoking. The research to be carried out is categorized as mixed methods between qualitative and quantitative research. Mixed methods are a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to become a synergistic force, can produce two different views, open interdisciplinary job opportunities, demonstrate methodological skills, and build intuitive knowledge-seeking work. The research location is in Padang Pariman Regency and several Nagari were selected as research areas. The data used are secondary data and primary data.
THE EFFECT OF HIGH CONCENTRATION OF EXOGENOUS IODINE ON THE THYROID TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS IN PREGNANT MOTHER AND EMBRYOS RATS
Abstract: The study was investigated the effect of the high concentrations o exogenous iodine on the thyroid transcription factors. Methods : The study was included 3 groups as following Group (1): Involved 20 adult female rats, animals in this group administered distilled water and served as control.Group (2): Involved 15 adult female rats, animals in this group treated group animals in low dose of iodine (0.06 mg) ,Group (3): Involved 15 adult female rats, animals in this group treated group animals in medium dose of iodine( 0.18 mg), after 18 days of pregnancy the animals was sacrificed and the serum was collected to determination Rat Paired box protein (PAX-8), Rat Forkhead box protein E1(FOXE1), Rat Homeobox protein (Nkx-2.1) done by ELISA assay for the mother while the thyroid factors for embryo was determined after tissues disruption with glass Homogenizers for the thyroid gland, The results reported the highest value in FOX1, NK2.1 and PAX8 concentration was in 1.8 gm followed by in concentration 0.06 gm , while the lowest value recorded in control group 224.49a±7.61 with significant differences at(p≤0.05) between the studied groups in both mother and embryo however, Conclusion :Depending on the obtained results , the current study was found the thyroid transcription factors were involved directly with excess iodine taken.
A REVIEW ON THE ROLE OF NATURAL REMEDIES USED IN PSORIASIS
Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects more than 100 million people globally. It is not just a cosmetic disease since it creates a huge impact on an individual’s lifestyle. It shows symptoms such as red inflamed and flaky patches on the skin. Psoriasis is said to be a multifactorial disease since it is caused mainly due to genetic and environmental factors such as stress, heavy alcohol consumption, infections such as strep throat, and also due to medications such as beta-blockers, antimalarials, lithium, etc. It is a well-known fact that conventional medications cannot be afforded by everyone and also causes toxicities, there is a need for alternative methods of treatment. Studies have found that many herbal medicines show antipsoriatic properties which can be used as alternatives in the treatment of the disease.There is no long-term treatment for the autoimmune illness and inflammatory condition known as psoriasis. An inflammatory, dry, and non-contagious skin condition is psoriasis. Different areas of the skin are affected by psoriasis, which is characterized by sharply scaly, erythematous plaques. Genetic, environmental, and immunological factors all contribute to the reasons. There are many different therapies on the market, some of which are pricey and have several adverse effects. Psoriasis is diagnosed with natural plants in Ayurveda. The elements and doshas are factors in ayurvedic medicine. The potential for anti-psoriatic action of herbal drugs is due to their safety and accessibility. Investigating proliferative activity is psoriasis. Herbal resources create a powerful, secure, and dependable treatment. In this review, different pathophysiological models used for the screening of psoriasis have been summarized along with various medicinal plants that are proven to have antipsoriatic properties.
A SCRUPULOUS EVALUATION OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME IN MALAYSIAN ADOLESCENT FEMALES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Abstract: Women of reproductive age are frequently affected by the endocrinopathy known as a polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Since it was first described by Stein and Leventhal in 1935, this disease has been known to cause obesity, which accounts for at least 80% of ovulatory infertility. Obesity and PCOS are complicatedly related. Some women experience the first PCOS symptoms soon after they start their periods. According to my research, women with PCOS either create too much insulin or their insulin does not function as it should. As a result, insulin resistance is a frequent observation in PCOS. In women with PCOS compared to weight-contingent reproductively normal women, insulin action on skeletal muscle decreased by 35–40%, and this condition is made worse by obesity. Additionally, according to some research, up to 80% of women with PCOS are overweight or obese. Additionally, when weight increases, insulin resistance increases, and the level of circulating insulin rises, high levels of insulin are linked to obesity, making it possible to analyse the interplay between weight and insulin resistance. As a result, the level of testosterone will rise, which will disrupt follicular growth and development and result in polycystic ovarian morphology. There are so two approaches to connecting obesity and PCOS. I will first discuss how PCOS can induce obesity, and then I will discuss how obesity can cause PCOS. According to my investigations, women who are obese are more likely than the general population to develop PCOS because of insulin resistance. In the meantime, PCOS-afflicted women's obesity is exacerbated by rising androgen levels. The risk factors linked to an increased risk of PCOS in obese women include increased levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), hyperinsulinemia, and elevated levels of hyper-androgens. These risk factors also contribute to obesity in PCOS patients.
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE KNOWLEDGE AND IMPORTANCE OF VACCINATION AMONG THE PARENTS OF SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN IN IPOH, PERAK, MALAYSIA
Abstract: Vaccines play an important role in preventing serious infectious diseases in childhood. In Malaysia, immunization program was introduced in early 1950s and vaccines are provided free of charge in public health facilities nationwide. One hundred thirty million children are born annually, but around 30 million of them still have no access to vaccinations. To reduce the number of non-immunisation, Ministry of Health has created a number of programs like campaign, counselling, training and seminar. This study is aimed to determine the effective ways on creating the knowledge and awareness about vaccination among parents. This study performed using convenience sampling and cross sectional study design. The study population of our research were parents attended KK Gunung Rapat, Perak, Malaysia. The result of our study was obtained based on the knowledge on vaccination among parents in Ipoh, Perak based on their gender, race, age, educational level, employment status, income range and number of pre-school going child stratification. From the data evaluated in our study, it shows majority of the participants are female and among those 156 ladies, 50.6% of them possess good knowledge regarding vaccination whereas among the 13 male participant, 61.5% have a good knowledge. However the p value is more than 0.05 thus this is not significant. Upon interpreting of the correlation of knowledge on vaccination with various sociodemographic background of the parents participated in our study, it can be deduced that there is no significant differences in knowledge among parents of different gender, race and education level. Among those parents who participated in this study, fathers constituted the minority of the sample and it’s shown that male respondents tend to have better knowledge regarding vaccination compared to female. However insignificant associations were found between good knowledge and parents of different gender in this study.
EFFECT OF ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES ON TEAR FILM IN SAUDI ARABIAN POPULATION BY USING SMTUBE AND NON-INVASIVE KERATOGRAPH
Objective: To investigate the effect of e-cigarettes on the tear film by evaluating the tear film parameters of smokers compared to smokers among Qassim University students and workers. Methodology: A total of 60 males participants of the age group 20-38 years old divided into three groups were recruited to this cross-sectional single-visit study. All subjects underwent four different tests parameters through the Keratograph 5M JENVIS, the tests included are tear meniscus height TMH, nun-invasive tear break-up time NITBUT, ocular redness OR and lipid layer thickness LLT. Ocular redness OR degree was evaluated qualitatively on a scale of 1-4, as 1 being normal, 2 as mild, 3 as moderate and 4 as severe redness. Subjects were asked to open their eyes widely and an image of the eye was captured for the evaluation. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) with p value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Also, One-Way ANOVA has been used which compares the means of the three groups in the study to determine whether there is statistical evidence that the associated population means are significantly different, and T-test was used as a post hoc analysis if there is a difference between the groups. Results: For this study total of 40 smokers were recruited with mean age of 32.55 ± 9.25. For comparison, 20 nonsmokers were selected with a mean age of 33.85 ± 11.35. Comparing the ocular surface disease index score we observed high mean scores among smokers and vapors (10.85 ± 5.96 and 10.3 ± 7.67 respectively) than nonsmokers (4.25 ± 4.48) with a significant mean difference of 0.001. Tear meniscus height between the three groups was similar without any statistically significant difference (p-value 0.213). Our observations revealed that smoking affects the tear volume by decreasing the mean volume from 6.3 ± 1.41 to 3.2 ± 2.16. We reported a significant difference among the three groups when comparing tear volume through the strip meniscometry tube (SMTube) test (p=0.00001). Conclusion: A strong positive alarming association has been found between tear breakup time and eye dryness. To understand the impact of e-cigarettes on the eyes more thoroughly, cellular and molecular research into the health of the ocular surface is necessary.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND APPROACH TOWARDS VIRAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES AMONG RURAL AREAS.
Objective Introduction: The India has experienced outbursts and epidemics of many viral infectious diseases. As about 75% of medical facilities are concentrated in urban sectors the rural areas are primary victims of such a diseases. 21st century has far experienced more than 10 pandemic viral outbursts including fatal coronavirus disease. Therefore, it is necessary to have knowledge about viral diseases and also positive attitude towards them .There is also requirement of dynamic approaches about for use in future disease outbreaks .This study is aimed to know the knowledge , attitude and approach about viral infectious diseases among people living in rural areas. Objectives: To assess knowledge, attitude and approach towards viral infectious diseases among rural areas with the help of questionnaire. Method: This study was carried out in rural areas around Karad. Participants were enrolled from villages around Karad city and they are interviewed by using a structured questionnaire and results are obtained. Results: Study result shows that knowledge about viral infectious diseases is 53.46%, attitude towards viral infections is 53.61%, and approach towards viral infectious diseases is 56.36%. The mean age of participants is 36.65 years. Conclusion: The knowledge about viral infectious diseases among rural residents is adequate to prevent spread of viral diseases. Attitude is positive towards viral diseases in western Maharashtra and they approaches quite positively towards viral diseases.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS EFFECTS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES EXTRACT AND ITS ISOLATED CONSTITUENTS AGAINST CHEMICAL INDUCED ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS
Objective To assess anti-allergic conjunctivitis effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera (HMO) and its isolated constituents in rats. Methods The acute oral toxicity study of extract was carried out up to the dose level of 2000 mg/kg for HMO and 300 mg/kg for constituents (Myricetin and Kaempferol) by following OECD guideline no. 423. On the first day, allergic conjunctivitis was induced by injecting (i.p.) 0.6 ml of physiological saline that included egg albumin (1 mg), alum (2 mg), and 1010 dead Beta pertussis cells. After five days, they were given a boost through subcutaneous administration with one ml of physiological saline containing 0.5 mg of egg albumin at ten different locations on the back. Then from days 14th to 42nd the rats were treated with hydroalcoholic extracts of Moringa oleifera (HMO) according to their respective group at doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg p.o. and isolated constituents, Myricetin 100 mg/kg, Kaempferol 100 mg/kg while the standard group was treated with Cetirizine hydrochloride at doses of 10 mg/kg p.o. in comparison with control group who receive 1% w/v CMC solution. Following administration of the dose, a local sensitization procedure was carried out by injecting egg albumin diluted in physiological saline at a concentration of 10 mg/ml using a micropipette into the bilateral eyes. Then allergic signs and eye scratching behaviour was observed. Diethyl ether was used to induce anaesthesia in the rats, and their conjunctivas were removed 24 hours after being challenged on days 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42. The animals were also sacrifice during this process. The tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for two days before being examined. After a period of 2 days, the samples were paraffin-fixed, and conjunctiva tissues that were 4 micrometres thick were stained in order to determine number of eosinophils in the conjunctiva. Results During the acute and sub-acute oral toxicity study of extract and its constituents, no mortality was observed in any animals up to the dose level of 2000 mg/kg for HMO and 300 mg/kg for constituents (Myricetin and Kaempferol), indicating their practically nontoxic in nature. Oral administration of extract significantly decreased allergic signs and eye scratching behaviour (p<0.001) and markedly decreased eosinophil into the conjunctival tissues (p<0.01) in dose dependent manner. A similar effect is observed with isolated constituents as of 400 mg/kg HMO. Conclusion The present study showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera (HMO) and its isolated constituents (Myricetin and Kaempferol) produced a significant anti-conjunctivitis activity against allergic conjunctivitis as well as it is entirely safe.
ASSOCIATION OF INTERLEUKIN-13 AND TLR-2 POLYMORPHISM WITH LYMPHOMA; A CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN PAKISTANI POPULATION
Subtitle: Association of IL-13 and TLR-2 Polymorphism with Lymphoma
IL-13 is a Th-2 cytokine commonly associated with allergic disorders. TLR-2 is a member of the toll-like receptor protein family, providing 1st line of defense against pathogens. IL-13 and TLR-2 are known to play roles in tumorigenesis and progression. The present study was designed to investigate clinicopathological features of lymphomas and the association of IL-13 2044 G/A and TLR-2 Arg677Trp polymorphism with lymphoma susceptibility. In total, eighty-five lymphoma patients from Nuclear Medicine Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute(NORI), Islamabad, and 90 controls were included in the study. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for the IL-13 gene after PCR analysis, whereas Tetra-ARMS PCR (Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR) for TLR-2 gene was performed on purified DNA extracted from blood samples. Out of 85 lymphoma patients, 70.58% of cases were of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 29.42% of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) type. Among NHL, diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the prevalent subtype (80%), while Mix cellularity (MC) was the most prevailing HL type (88%). The majority of the patients were of low socioeconomic status. Nodal involvement was common (74.12%) for both types, with the commonly affected nodal site being cervical. Genotype analysis of IL-13 2044 G/A polymorphism demonstrated no association with lymphoma [χ2=2.86, P-value=0.23] as well as in the DLBCL group [χ2=3.141, P-value=0.201]. However, the analysis of allelic frequencies in DLBCL patients regarding IL-13 2044G/A polymorphism showed a significant association of the A allele [χ2=4.6, p-value=0.03]. Similarly, no association of TLR-2 Arg677Trp polymorphism was found in lymphoma patients [χ2=0.51, P-value=0.43] and in DLBCL patients [χ2=0.02, P-value=0.87]. Although no association of these polymorphisms with lymphoma was seen, IL-13 2044G/A polymorphism had a one-fold risk for lymphoma [χ2=0.837, P-value=0.042, OR=1.045(95%Cl)].
ASSOCIATION OF SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM WITH HSCRP, SERUM INSULIN AND INSULIN RESISTANCE : A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY
Background: Thyroid disorders are one of the most prevalent endocrinopathies across the world. Overt hypothyroidism has been associated with cardiovascular disease, but the association of subclinical hypothyroidism with cardiovascular disease is unclear and controversial. Therefore, the present study was aimed to determine the level of HsCRP and insulin resistance in subclinical hypothyroid subjects and compare it with healthy controls. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted involving 70 Subclinical hypothyroid patients (SCH) and 100 healthy controls. Newly diagnosed cases of subclinical hypothyroidism not taking any treatment, in the age group of 20 – 60 years were included in the study. 100 healthy cases of same age group were taken as control Fasting blood sample from both the groups of patient was collected for estimation of T3, T4, TSH, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), high sensitive C reactive protein (HsCRP), lipoprotein A , fasting blood glucose and insulin. Results: The mean value of serum TSH are significantly higher in subclinical hypothyroid (SCH) patients (TSH 7.90 ± 1.25 µIU/ml) compared to that of control participants (TSH 2.70 ± 0.77 µIU/ml ).The serum level of T3 and T4 of the two groups were within the normal reference range. The mean serum HsCRP level of patients with SCH was higher than those of control (4.19 ± 0.68 mg/L and 1.71 ± 0.41 mg/L respectively p0.0001) The mean insulin level of subject with SCH were also higher than that of control subjects (7.91 ± 1.79 µu/l and 5.55 ± 1.70 µu/l respectively, p0.0001). HOMA-IR in the SCH group was significantly higher than the control group (1.78 ± 0.47 and 1.24 ± 0.39 respectively, p0.0001). Pearson correlation test was performed among TSH, insulin, HOMA-IR, HsCRP in the subclinical group. We found positively correlation of TSH with serum insulin, HOMA-IR and HsCRP .The correlation of TSH with insulin level and HOMA-IR was statistically significant whereas with HsCRP the p value was 0.06. Conclusions: we concluded that low-grade inflammation starts in the early stages of hypothyroidism, resulting in elevated HsCRP level which may result in the future development of atherosclerosis leading to cardiovascular morbidity.
AN AUTOMATIC SKIN LESION SEGMENTATION FOR DETECTION OF MELANOMA FROM META DATA OF DERMOSCOPIC IMAGES.
Skin melanoma, which accounts for more than 75% of deaths from skin lesions worldwide, is one of the most severe medical problems. Melanoma is typically identified by dermatologists visually examining lesions. The method can increase the effectiveness for identifying clinically unknown lesions against ordinarily indistinguishable lesions, which will ultimately increase the diagnostic accuracy. Traditional machine learning techniques are still unable to fully address the issue of information loss or determine the precise boundary area division. To efficiently learn feature information and successfully separate melanoma images, we employ an enhanced semantic segmentation frame work that is reported in this paper. The experiments in this article demonstrate that our enhanced neural network design produces higher segmentation accuracy of 96.6% for melanoma images than conventional methods.
THE PREVALENCE OF BACK PAIN AND RISK FACTORS AMONG HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS IN AL-MUSSAYIAB DISTRICT BABIL, IRAQ 2022.
Background: Healthcare providers are exposed to ergonomic hazards, musculoskeletal disorders, and other work-related injuries. Low back pain is the most common musculoskeletal disorder. The objective of present work is to determine the prevalence of back pain in health providers with emphasis on contributing risk factors and impact of LBP on health and life style habits.
Methods: The present study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study estimates the prevalence and risk factors for low back pain in health personnel. The study conducted on Healthcare providers which were selected by sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, version 28.0 (IBM, SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA) software.
Results: results were indicated that the riskiest occupational group consisted of nurses. The majority of participants 328 (81.8%) from the total of 401 reported that they were not doing any activity of running for > 15 minutes, while only 75 (18.5%) were doing Sport >15 min and 309 (77.1%) claimed that they were walking for > 15 min. Among the 401 healthcare providers, about (304) had low back pain (LBP) in the last 12 months, giving a prevalence of (75.8%) among the studied group. On the other hand, LBP at the time of interview (3 months prevalence) was found in 282 healthcare providers represented (70.3%) of the studied group. Mostly of the participants had not diagnostic as LBP. Results were indicated that most participants (192, 76.5%) who had reported to have LBP were overweight. But unfortunately, this population-based study showed that there was not any association between LBP and the lifestyle factors. Job-related factors were the most important factors associated with low back pain in health care personnel. Occupational factors can increase the chances of low back pain in health care providers. Results were indicated that there was a significant relationship between low back pain and the profession of the medical staff. The Chi-Square was estimated to be 17.975 and p value was (0.021). Also, there was a statistically significant association between Co-morbid diseases and LBP, p value was =0.001.
Conclusion: Results were suspected that LBP has a direct effect on healthcare providers in the PHCCs, and their job restrictions and attendance. Healthcare providers need to make a necessary regulation regarding working in a constant position for a long time, encouraging towards exercise among hospital employees will contribute to decreasing the low back pain incidence ratio.
Keywords: Low back pain, Healthcare providers, Occupational risk factors
PERCEIVED STRESS IN DISTANCE LEARNING AMONG UNDERGRADUATE COLLEGE STUDENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC FOR THE STUDENTS IN KERBALA, IRAQ 2022
Introduction: Global health issue of COVID-19's rapid spread has a substantial impact on educational institutions. Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic has altered the way we learn in high education and compelled us to convert to an online learning environment, the current study set out to assess students' stress of online education during the COVID-19 period.
Method: This study used the sampling approach, where a simple Random sample was collected, and 500 students were selected out of five colleges in the universities of Kerbala. A three-part questionnaire was used to achieve the study objectives. The first section contains social and demographic information for the student, the second section contains academic variables related to the use of smart devices and electronic problems, and the third section contains psychological variables related to assessing students' stress according to PSS-10.
Result: The mean for age participants was ( 22± 2) years old. The results showed that around (64.6%) of students had high levels of stress, while approximately (34%) had moderate levels. also about (1.4%) had a low level of stress through e-learning during COVID-19. Most participants were female (67.8%), There is a significant association between stress level and college, (24.1%) of higher-stress levels in candidates of Engineering college and (16.4%) of lowest-stress levels in candidates of College of Education and Physical Sports. there is a significant difference between electronic problems and the income of students, students with poor income were more likely to have online learning problems. p-value < (0.05) is significant.
Conclusion: more than half of our students had a high level of perceived stress, and more than one-fourth had a moderate level of stress among the students of Kerbala University after the outbreak of Covid-19 disease. This study found a significant association between stress levels and college.
Keywords: perceived stress, COVID-19, Distance learning, college student
INVESTIGATION OF CYP2C19 GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN POPULATION OF IRAQI BREAST CANCER WOMAN ON TAMXIFEN
Background: Tamoxifen is drug choice for female breast cancer in both pre and postmenopausal women as adjuvant treatment for hormone sensitive breast cancer. CYP2C19 play important role in the formation of a proportion of tamoxifen metabolites, including the conversion of 4-OH-TAM to endoxifen.
Objective: in order to study the prevalence of CYP2C19*3 (G > A, rs4986893) and CYP2C19*17 (C > T, rs11188072) genetic polymorphism and their impact on tamoxifen therapy response in Iraqi breast cancer woman.
Methods: This study was across-sectional observational study carried out at Imam AL-Hussein Medical City/Oncology center in kerbala and laboratories of College of Pharmacy / University of Kerbela, during the period between (November 2021 and Augest 2022). The study was conducted on total 100 females Iraqi women with (ER and /or PR) positive breast cancer who are taken tamoxifen (at least since 3 months). After taking blood sample from each patient genomic DNA was extracted from each blood sample by using the protocol and manufacturers instruction of Favorgen Bio Tech /China for blood genomic DNA extraction kit.
Results: The mean age of participants in this study wass (51.08) years old. The distribution and percentage of individuals having ((C > T, rs 11188072) differ from those expected under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium {number of observed vs expected were: CC (71, 63.2); TT (12, 4.2); CT (17, 32.6) (goodness-of-fit χ2 for rs 11188072; 22.891, P < 0.001} and therefore it was statistically significant. The distribution and percentage of individuals having (G > A, rs 4986893) differ from those expected under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium {number of observed vs expected were: GG (20, 10.6); AA (25, 45.6); GA (25, 43.9) (goodness-of-fit χ2 for rs 93 18.507, P < 0.001} and therefore it was statistically significant.
Conclusion: For this cross sectional study in Iraqi breast cancer woman, we observed that genotypes frequencies of CYP2C19*3 (G > A, rs4986893) and CYP2C19 *17 (C > T, rs 11188072) be consistent with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and the results were statistically significant and wild type (CC) of rs 11188072 and hetrozogyous (GA) of rs4986893 are more predominant genotype in these population .
Key words: Breast cancer, Tamoxifen , CYP2C19 gene.
SEROLOGICAL, MOLECULAR AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF BRUCELLA MELITENSIS INFECTION IN EWES
Objective: The aim of this study, was detection of brucellosis in ewes by using Rose Bengal test (RBT), culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique as well as investigate histopathological changes in uterine tissue in ewes infected by Brucella melitensis.
Methods: the study was conducted by using RBT, culture and PCR on the blood and uterine tissue, samples were taken from 139 of brucellosis suspected ewes, the study begging from November 2020 to July 2021 in Kerbala and Babylon provinces.
Results: Serological, cultural and molecular examinations of samples of suspected infected ewes recorded positive cases with the observation of histopathological changes of the uterus. 139 ewes were examined and show different sings like abortion, fever, depression, loss of weight and ewes that gave birth to weak lambs, the result recorded by the PCR was 37 (26.61%) positive cases, less than that recorded by the Rose Bengal test, which was 41 (29.49%), while the culture showed 35 (25.17%) positive cases of brucellosis. The microscopical analysis of uterine samples that collected from infected ewes by Brucella melitensis revealed marked histopathological changes. The marked histopathological changes were showed a different severity including infiltrations of mononuclear cell, fibrosis, necrosis, hemorrhage, calcification of tissue and severe congested blood vessels.
Conclusion: This study revealed prevalence of brucella melitensis in sheep. The molecular technique and culture showed the most accurate test for detection of brucellosis in animals, brucella melitensis infection was detected by using PCR test which considered important to discover the brucellosis infection after use the fast routine screening of herds like RBT. The slaughtered ewes that infected by brucella melitensis showed various histopathological changes in the uterine tissue that effect on the health status of the ewe and cause abortion. Key words: RBT, PCR, molecular tests, histopathological, Brucella melitensis, ewes.
ESTIMATION OF BODY STATURE FROM VARIOUS PARAMETERS OF HAND – AN ANTHROPOMETRIC STUDY IN CENTRAL INDIAN POPULATION
Materials and methods: The present study was conducted on a sample of 400 medical students (200 males and 200 females) within the age group of 17-25 years from LN Medical College Research Center Bhopal over a period of 2 year. Apparently healthy, asymptomatic males and females students.
Result: In our study the mean age of the male and female study subjects was 21.59±6.39 years and 19.83±5.44 years respectively. Male: Female ratio was 1:1. Mean stature in male subjects was 169.17±15.78 cm. In this study maximum height reported was 179.5 cm, while minimum height was 153.6 cm. The range in stature of male was from 153.6 to 179.5 cm. Mean stature in female subjects was 154.63±12.91 cm. In this study maximum height recorded was 171.1 cm, while minimum height was 145.0 cm. The range in height of female subjects was from 145.0 to 171.1 cm.
Conclusion: However, hand length was more reliable in estimating stature in both male and female subjects. These results will be of immense benefit to forensic studies and bio anthropology.
EFFECT OF SIMULATION ASSISTED TRAINING PROGRAM (SATP) VERSUS MOBILE APP BASED TRAINING PROGRAM ON FIRST AID (FA) AND BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS) AMONG UNDERGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS; A PILOT STUDY REPORT.
DETERMINATION OF UPTAKE RATE OF NUTRIENT DURING PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC CULTIVATION OF MICROALGAE IN AL- RUSTUMEYAH WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT IN BAGHDAD-IRAQ
STUDY THE EFFECT OF NANO-PIPERINE IN IMPROVEMENT THE IMMUNITY SYSTEM IN DEXAMETHASONE TREATED MALE RATS
Clinical Profile Of Children With Rec Urrent Headache – A Hospital Based Study
Study On Knowledge Of Ppe For Coronavirus Defense Amongst Health Care Workers: A Qualitative Research
Aquasomal Gel Loaded With Dithranol: An In Vitro – In Vivo Antipsoriatic Investigation
Development of nanostructured lipid carrier system of quetiapine fumarate and curcumin to treat schizophrenia by central composite design -doe approach and evaluation by molecular docking:in silico methods.
An Analysis Of Various Flaxseed Powder Dosage Consumption And Lifestyle Modifications For Metabolic Syndrome Patients With Abnormal Blood Pressure And Body Mass Index
Effect Of Counselling On Nursing Care Plan Towards Nurses Knowledge In Obstetrics And Genecology At Territory Hospital In Bangkok, Thailand
Recent Advancement In Leprosy
Current State And Translational Difficulties Of An Insulin Transdermal Delivery Device Based On Microneedles
A Comprehensive Overview Of The Current Understanding On Monkeypox Virus
Indian Tomato Flu Epidemic
Synthesis, Characterization Of Some New Acylselenourea And Acylthiourea Derivatives
An Architecture Of Web-Based Application To Predict Thyroid Diseases At Early Stages
Potentiation The Antimicrobial Activity Of Cephalosporins Antibiotics
Impact Of Pharmacist Education Program To Improve Inhalation Technique In Asthmatic Patients At Thi-Qar Governorate
The ratio between primary infertility to secondary infertility in the infertile female in the period between 2015 to 2020 in baghdad al-karkh.
Node Like Receptor Pyrine-3 Inflammasome: Function And Mechanism In Periodontitis
Genetic Polymorphism Of Sult1a1 In Iraqi Breast Cancer Women On Tamoxifen
Sulfotransferase enzyme SULT1A1 responsible for sulfation of active tamoxifen metabolites and formation of inactive ingredients that losing their pharmacological activity.
The objective of this study is to identify SULT1A1 genetic polymorphisms in Iraqi breast cancer women and their effects on tamoxifen treatment response.
Patients and methods venous blood taken from each participated women used for assessment of genotyping for both SNP of SULT1A1 gene rs6839 and rs9282861
Results indicated that for rs6839, the wild type TT is the predominant genotype compared to mutant TC and CC type, however for rs9282861 the homozygous mutant TT is the predominant genotype in comparison to the mutant CT and wild type CC. Among the several genetic variations of the SULT1A1 gene, the results showed a high incidence of joint pain with a low recurrence rate.
Conclusion in this cross-sectional study, we observed that in Iraqi women with breast cancer, the wild type of rs6839 was more common than the mutant version, and vice versa for rs9282861. However, these findings had only a small impact on side effects and recurrence among the patients. Large sample size is necessary to evaluate the true significance of the current findings and their potential impact on the prognoses of breast cancer patients.
Functional Role Of Mrna-155 In Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Polymeric Dispersions: Process To Modify Release Behavior Of Drugs
Patients' Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life And Orthodontic Treatment
In Vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Potential, Anti Diabetic And Anti Inflammatory Of Crude Extracts Of Mallotus Rhamnifolius.
Pyrazole Derivatives Incorporating In The Aromatic Substitution For Physiological And Pharmacological Studies
A Review On Phytochemical And Pharmacological Studies Of Crocus Sativus (Saffron) And Terminalia Chebula
KAP Assessment Of Oral Health And Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among Pregnant Women In Central India : A Preliminary Study
Mucormycosis And Covid-19
A Boon To Smile Enhancement: Lip Repositioning Along With Conventional Depigmentation, A Combined Approach.
Pharmacological And Nutraceuticals Profile Of Citrus Medica: A Vitamin C Rich Source
Comparative study of physicochemical parameters of ficus bengalensis linn. Stem bark from diverse geographic states
Neomycin Sulphate Administration Using An Ultradeformable Gel For Deeper Skin Infections
Impact of pharmacist education program to improve inhalation technique in asthmatic patients at Thi-Qar governorate
Stability Studies And Its Consideration In Drug Product Design: An Updated Review
Assessment Of Nurses’ / Midwifes’ Knowledge About Managements Of Breastfeeding Disorders Among Women During Lactation In Holy Karbala City
Nursing Student’s Knowledge Toward Covid 19 At-Alhadi University College
Biopharmaceutical Consideration In Drug Product Design And In Vitro Drug Product Performance
Biomedical Applications Of Holarrhena Antidysenterica: An Updated Review
Tretinoin Topical Delivery Via Proniosomal Carrier: A Novel Approach To Boost Penetration
Mandibular ramus: An indicator for sex determination-A digital radiographic study
Materials and method: Ideal OPG of complete dentate 50 males and 50 females were selected which was taken by carestream 8000C.? OPG was traced and mandibular ramus measurements were carried out manually. Mandibular ramus measurements were subjected to linear discriminant analysis.
Result: Maximum ramus breadth, Minimum ramus breadth, Condylar height, Projective height of ramus Coronoid height were calculated for both the sexes differently with the formula & analysed with Discriminant function analysis using Fischer exact test. the mean combined (right and left combined) Min. ramus breadth, Max. ramus breadth, coronoid height, condylar height and projective height did not differ significantly between male and female subjects (P value>0.05 for all) with overall accuracy of 55%.
Conclusion: Sex determination can be done by using mandibular ramus as overall accuracy is 55% but it is not well significant.